November 3, 2015 Notebook page 5-6 Classifying Matter Notes: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Classifying Matter: Matter MixturesPure Substances ElementsCompounds Examples: Soil, salad, sugar water Examples: oxygen, helium hydrogen Examples: carbon dioxide CO 2, glucose C 6 H 12 O 6

Pure Substances A sample of matter that has definite chemical and physical properties.

Elements pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substance by physical or chemical means.

Compounds Pure substance composed of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. Made of elements in a specific ratio that is always the same Has a chemical formula Can only be separated by chemical means, not physically When elements are chemically combined, they form compounds having properties that are different from those of the uncombined elements.

Mixtures A combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined. substances held together by physical forces, not chemical No chemical change takes place Each item retains its properties in the mixture They can be separated physically Chem4kids.com

Mixtures vs. Compounds

Can you identify the following? You will be shown a series of photos. Tell if each photo represents an item composed of an element, compound, or mixture. Review: An element contains just one type of atom. A compound contains two or more different atoms of elements joined together. A mixture contains two or more different substances that are only physically joined together, not chemically. A mixture can contain both elements and compounds.

Label three pieces of paper as “ELEMENT” “COMPOUND” “MIXTURE” ElementsCompoundsMixtures The following slides show examples of elements, compounds, and mixtures. -Hold up the correct card and then check your answer and record it on your table

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Rocks

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Rocks

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Copper

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Copper

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Jelly Beans

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Jelly Beans

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Table Sugar

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Table Sugar

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Tea

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Tea

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salt

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salt

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Neon Gas

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Neon Gas

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salad

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salad

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Pure Water

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Pure Water

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Aluminum

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Aluminum

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Lemonade

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Lemonade

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Silver

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Silver

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Sand

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Sand

Notes Detailed notes are located at: mixtures-notes-isn.pdf Flow Chart: isn.pdf

Solutions, Colloids, Suspensions TYPES OF MIXTURES

Types of Mixtures SolutionsSalt Water A solution is a homogeneous mixture with tiny particles. The particles are too small to see and also too small to settle or be filtered out of the mixture. When the salt is thoroughly mixed into the water in this glass, it will form a solution. The salt will no longer be visible in the water, and it won’t settle to the bottom of the glass.

Types of Mixtures ColloidsGelatin A colloid is a homogeneous mixture with medium-sized particles. The particles are large enough to see but not large enough to settle or be filtered out of the mixture. The gelatin in this dish is a colloid. It looks red because you can see the red gelatin particles in the mixture. However, the particles are too small to settle to the bottom of the dish.

Colloids A colloid will not separate upon standing. The particles are constantly colliding, and this allows a colloid to scatter light – thus colloids often seem cloudy.

Types of Mixtures SuspensionsSalad Dressing A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture with large particles. The particles are large enough to see and also to settle or be filtered out of the mixture. The salad dressing in this bottle is a suspension. It contains oil, vinegar, herbs, and spices. If the bottle sits undisturbed for very long, the mixture will separate into its component parts. That’s why you should shake it before you use it.

The Tyndall Effect The Tyndall effect, also known as Tyndall scattering, is light scattering by particles in a colloid or particles in a fine suspension. Colloids and suspensions scatter light, making a beam visible, due to their large particles size. Solutions do not scatter light, because of their small particle size.

The Tyndall Effect

Q & A’s Q: If you buy a can of paint at a paint store, a store employee may put the can on a shaker machine to mix up the paint in the can. What type of mixture is the paint?

Q & A’s A: The paint is a suspension. Some of the components of the paint settle out of the mixture when it sits undisturbed for a long time. This explains why you need to shake (or stir) the paint before you use it.

Q & A’s Q: The milk you buy in the supermarket has gone through a process called homogenization. This process breaks up the cream in the milk into smaller particles. As a result, the cream doesn’t separate out of the milk no matter how long it sits on the shelf. Which type of mixture is homogenized milk?

Q & A’s A: Homogenized milk is a colloid. The particles in the milk are large enough to see—that’s why milk is white instead of clear like water, which is the main component of milk. However, the particles are not large enough to settle out of the mixture.