Part A Multimedia Production Information and Communication Technology “Multimedia Production and Web Site Development” Part A Multimedia Production Chapter 2 Multimedia Basics - 2.3 Multimedia File Types

Learning Objectives Multimedia file types

Learning Outcomes Know the different multimedia file types.

Teaching Materials

Table of Contents File Types of Text Element File Types of Graphics Element File Types of Sound Element File Types of Animation Element File Types of Video Element

1. File Types of Text Element

1. File types of text element There are several types of text file. For example: txt doc rtf pdf txt is called text file or plain text file Contain only ordinary textual characters No formatting

1. File types of text element doc is an abbreviation of document Word processing document Used in WordPerfect (1980s) Used in Microsoft Word (1990s – Now) Contain more text formatting such as font styles, font type, alignment, paragraphs

1. File types of text element rtf stands for Rich Text Format Alternative format to doc ASCII text files Contain formatting commands Do not contain macros Good for e-mail

1. File types of text element pdf stands for Portable Document Format Cross-platform document Including fonts and images What is on screen and what will be printed Highly compressed

1. File types of text element Compare the file size of doc, rtf and pdf file types All of the file contain “Information and Communication Technology 'Multimedia Production and Web Site Development’” sentence File Types File Sizes doc 23.5 KB rtf 5.13 KB pdf 5.44 KB

1. File types of text element Uses of text files types under different situations Text Files Types Situations txt Linux, Unix environment doc Documentations rtf Emails pdf Forms, Notices

2. File Types of Graphics Element

2. File types of graphics element Raster graphic / bitmaps: bmp gif jpg png Vector graphic: svg

2. File types of graphics element bmp stands for bitmap Use table of dots (pixels) to represent an image Easy to create Supported by all browser More realistic Large file size Clarity will be lost when you reduce the size

2. File types of graphics element gif stands for graphics interchange format 8-bit-per-pixel bitmap image format Include data compression Limited to 256 colors Can support animations

2. File types of graphics element jpeg stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group Compressed image Independent of image size Independent of color representation, support RGB, YUV … etc Can be a full-color and gray-scale image Work well on photographs, naturalistic artwork Support both sequential encoding (line-by-line) and progressive encoding

2. File types of graphics element png stands for Portable Network Graphics Better compression than gif (about 2/3 file size of gif) 24 bit pictures Open, extensible image Lossless compression For replacing gif Variable transparency

2. File types of graphics element Vector graphic: svg stands for Scable Vector Graphics XML Graphics for the Web 2-dimensional graphics Use in printing, portable devices with full quality

2. File types of graphics element What is the differences between vector and raster graphics? Vector graphics Raster graphics Define lines and shapes Use mathematical formulas. Made up of pixel Enlarge graphics No influence Graphics is blurred Advantages Make and edit much more detailed images. Require less storage than bitmaps . Scale and rotate them with very little loss of detail .

2. File types of graphics element Uses of graphic files types under different situations Graphic Files Types Situations bmp Any kinds of images gif Cartoon, simple graphics jpg Good for photos png Same as gif and good for uploading to webpages svg Graphic editing

3. File Types of Sound Element

3. File types of sound element There are several types of sound file. For example: midi wav mp3 aiff ra

3. File types of sound element MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface First introduced in 1983 A set of instructions on how to play an instrument A protocol that enables computer, keyboards and other musical device to communicate with each other

3. File types of sound element wav stands for Wave form Uncompressed Microsoft Windows audio format File size is very big Use lossless format Keep all the samples of an audio track Maximum audio quality A 4-minute song takes up about 40M bytes of space

3. File types of sound element What is the major differences between midi and wav sound files? WAV MIDI Stored information Wave forms Information on instruments, notes, tempo, etc. Sound quality affected No Yes File size Big Small

3. File types of sound element mp3 stands for MPEG 1 Layer 3 1/10 the size of uncompressed audio files Standard bit rates is 128 kbit/s Can be broken up into pieces and each piece is still playable Can be streamed across Internet A 4-minute song only takes up about 4M bytes

3. File types of sound element aiff stands for Audio Interchange File Format Uncompressed audio file format Created by MacOS Using lossless storage method Large file size same as WAV

3. File types of sound element ra stands for RealAudio file Developed by RealNetworks Use variety of audio codecs Low-bitrate format Can be used as streaming audio format across Internet

3. File types of sound element Uses of sound files types under different situations Sound Files Types Situations midi Musical instruments wav Store original sound tracks mp3 Store in portable sound players such as (mp3/4 players, mobile phones) aiff MAC OS ra Sound streaming on Internet

4. File Types of Animation Element

4. File types of animation element File type of simple animation: gif File types of flexible animations: swf flv

4. File types of animation element gif can be used in animation Use flip-book animation mechanisms No special browser plug-in is needed Each new frame is a new image that replaces the previous one An illusion of motion is created when the sequence of images are displayed very quickly

4. File types of animation element swf stands for Shockwave Flash Proprietary Vector graphics Produced by Flash software from Adobe Small file size Easy for publish on the Internet

4. File types of animation element flv stands for Flash Video Proprietary Deliver video Using Flash player Embedded with swf files Cross platform Can be used as streaming through Internet

4. File types of animation element Uses of animation files types under different situations Animation Files Types Situations gif Simple animations swf Good for publish on Internet flv For streaming purpose

5. File Types of Video Element

5. File types of video element There are several types of video file format. For example: mpeg avi rm mov wmv They have their own characteristics

5. File types of video element mpg is a shortened version of MPEG Full name of MPEG is Moving Picture Experts Group There are several standards of MPEG (We have discussed in Ch 2.2) Was established in January 1988 Develop standards for coded representation of moving pictures, audio and their combination

5. File types of video element avi stands for Audio Video Interleave Video file that play on Microsoft Windows systems. Is a Resource Interchange File Format Divides a file’s data into blocks or chunks Can be stored as a video stream Large file size

5. File types of video element rm stands for RealMedia A streaming media technology for internet from RealNetworks Use (RTSP) Realtime Streaming Protocol Allows multiple streams to be synchronized simultaneously These streams are in CBR (constant bit rate) Use RealPlayer to play

5. File types of video element mov is QuickTime multimedia file It is a movie/video/multimedia format developed by Apple. Use QuickTime Player to play

5. File types of video element wmv stands for Windws Media Video Developed and controlled by Microsoft Highly compressed Small file size High quality video Easy to publish on the Internet Use Windows Media Player to play

5. File types of video element Uses of video files types under different situations Video Files Types Situations mpg Good for editing avi For storing the original videos rm For fast video streaming mov MAC OS for editing, publishing and streaming wmv For quality video streaming

References

References Text Plain text file: doc file: rtf file: pdf file: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_file doc file: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOC_(computing) rtf file: http://www.mailtotal.com/mailtotal/HTMLFiles/Glossary.asp pdf file: http://www.census.gov/main/www/pdf.html

References Graphics bmp gif jpg png http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/BMP.html gif http://searchwebservices.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci213984,00.html jpg http://www.jpeg.org/ http://www.faqs.org/faqs/jpeg-faq/part1/ png http://www.xs4all.nl/~collin/png-eng.html http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pngintro.html

References Graphics svg http://www.adobe.com/svg/overview/svg.html http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/

References Sound wav mp3 aiff ra http://mp3.about.com/od/glossary/g/wav.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAV mp3 http://www.dailymp3.com/how1.html aiff http://mp3.about.com/od/glossary/g/aiff_definition.htm ra http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RealAudio

References Animation swf flv http://www.answers.com/topic/swf-5 http://www.adobe.com/licensing/developer/fileformat/faq/ flv http://www.answers.com/flv

References Video mpg avi rm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/ avi http://www.internet-guide.co.uk/avi.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_Video_Interleave rm http://www.answers.com/topic/realmedia

References Video mov wmv http://malektips.com/file_extensions_0026.html wmv http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/terms/wmv.cfm