Need for co-operation in geothermal energy in the Danube Region Annamária Nádor Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary 6th Steering Group Meeting of Priority Area 2 of the Danube Region Strategy June 12, 2013, Budapest

Why? The geothermal potential of the Danube Region is outstanding in Europe 1 km 2 km 3 km 4 km 1

Geothermal energy in NREAP (PJ) Country Austria0,8031,682 Bulgaria0,0420,377 Czech Republic0,0000,694 Germany1,52134,676 Hungary4,22916,423 Romania1,0473,349 Slovenia0,7540,837 Slovakia0,1263,876 Many DR countries have ambitious NREAP targets Why? 2

Exploitation of geothermal energy = abstraction of thermal groundwater Geothermal reservoirs do not stop at state borders: majority of the users exploit the same aquifers in the transboundary regions without harmonized management strategies between the neighbouring countries Why? Transboundary issues 3

Several „geothermal databases” exist (mostly national, some transnational) and there are several attempts to create a „Euroepan Geothermal Database / Information Platform” (e.g. Geothermal ERA- NET) Why? Need for common information platform 4 Harmonized datasets and information → should be the basis of common understanding and evaluation of resources However: not the creation of a „new database” (=duplication of data), but following INSPIRE concepts (metadatabase and access to national datasets)

EGIP Architecture overview « European products» GIP! Metadata Catalogue GIP2GIP3GIP4 Common rules for: 1. Metadata (INSPIRE?) 2. Web Services: -View -Access (download) -Process 3. Common data model, used by services to deliver and process data Each provider delivers a piece of the puzzle: Which can be map or data Metadata describing datasets and services Catalogue service (CSW) For the services: - View and access/download services are well specified in INSPIRE - Process services have to be compliant with a general framework only

TRANSENERGY- Transboundary geothermal energy resources of Slovenia, Austria, Hungary and Slovakia From a CEU project to a macro-regional co-operation 6

Where and which depth are the most important potential reservoirs? How much thermal water can be abstracted which has natural recharge? (quantify free water resource) To which extent abstraction can be increased without threatening environmental targets ? Impacts? GEOLOGICAL MODEL HYDROGEOLOGICAL MODEL Which are the main flow-directons? Any cross border? Water-budgets among the main aquifers? Chemical composition of thermal waters: Gases, dissolved content that might restrict utilization (scaling, corrosion)? Can associated gases be utilized? Is water treatment necessary? HYDROGEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS What is the temperature at certain depths? How much heat is available (resources, reserves)? What sort of utilizations are feasible? GEOTHERMAL MODELS 7

Reservoir type Type of aquifer Hydraulic connections Hydrochemi- cal characterTDS (mg/l) Reinjection possibility Top of reservoir Potential utilization highest level (m asl) lowest level (m asl) Upper Pannonian porous Part of regional gravitational flow system NaHCO3, NaHCO3Cl cc ; characteristically R&D necessary before applications direct heat, balneology Upper Pannonian porous Mainly stagnant, partly connected to regional flow system NaCl, NaClHCO3cc R&D necessary before applications direct heat, balneology partly restricted due to high TDS and limited hydraulic connections Upper Pannonian porous Part of regional gravitational flow system NaHCO3; at higher TDS NaHCO3Cl cc ; characteristically R&D necessary before applications direct heat, balneology Upper Pannonian porous Part of regional gravitational flow systemNaHCO3 cc ; characteristically R&D necessary before applications direct heat, balneology 8

Reservoir type Type of aquifer Hydraulic connections Hydrochemical characterTDS (mg/l) Reinjection possibility Top of reservoir Potential utilization highest level (m asl) lowest level (m asl) Basement fractured crystalline 50_100fracturedStagnant waterNaCl ; characteristicall y Promising in larger fracture zones direct heat and balneology, but restricted due to high TDS and limited hydraulic connections Basement fractured crystalline 100_150fracturedStagnant waterNaClcc Promising in larger fracture zones perspective for CHP and direct heat, but restrictions due to high TDS and limited hydraulic connections Basement fractured crystalline above 150fractured Mainly stagnant, partly connected to regional flow systemNaCl, CaNaClcc Promising in larger fracture zones perspective for power generation, but restrictions in regions of high TDS 9

Recommended project for (DanReGeotherm) Geothermal potential assessment of the DSR based on a common understanding of resources (a joint geothermal information platform), as well as policy recommendations for the enhanced utilization of geothermal energy. Phase 1 – establishment of a project consortium in 2013 Phase 2 – execution of the project from 2014 onwards supported by the funds of the Multiannual Financial Framework. 10

TaskOutput Expected delivery* Searching for partners in each participating country (based on EUSDR PA2 Steering Group) with an additional focus on governmental institutions. Contact listJune 30 Preliminary overview of EUSDR countries’ geothermal profile based on literature studies “State of the art” report: selection of countries to be involved, preliminary overview on their geothermal condition July 15 Elaboration of a questionnaireQuestionnaire templateJuly 15 Organizing a workshop: introduction of the “State of the art” report, joint discussion of a project concept, distribution of the questionnaires Workshop: Establishment of a project consortium, elaboration of basic project concept September 15 Complementing the “State of the art” report with outcomes of the workshop, and assessment of country profiles based on processing of infilled questionnaires Feasibility study for a Danube Region Geothermal project November 30 Discussion with EC, launch for callConsultation in BrusselsDecember 15 Phase 1 activities 11

Goals/expected outputsExpected benefitsStakeholders data harmonization and integration – underground (technical/geological) data joint geothermal database research institutions, universities, companies dealing with geothermal projects common understanding of the geothermal potential geothermal potential assessment at Danube Region macro-regional level research institutions, universities, companies dealing with geothermal projects, potential investors establishment of a structured system of non-technical data (e.g. list of relevant legislation, energetic data, market analyses, social-economic data, environmental aspects, etc.) e-library of non-technical information ministries, authorities, investors, financing institutions removal of legislative barriers (recommendations based on the overview and comparison of existing regulatory framework) transparent and reliable regulatory framework, short and easy licensing procedures ministries, authorities, investors 12

Goals/expected outputsExpected benefitsStakeholders removal of financial barriers (recommendations based on the overview and comparison of existing financing framework) appropriate financial supporting schemes (e.g. investment supports, mandatory off-take system with preferential tariffs for RES-based electricity, support scheme for green-heat, national and EU co-financed energy programs, etc). ministries, financing institutions, insurance companies, investors increase public awareness related to RES/geothermal education, short and mid-term training programs, public, education in primary and secondary schools increase the number of experts in the field of geothermal energy specialized courses in universities (master and PhD programs), establishment of expert advisory networks, exchange of best-practices universities, experts, scientific associations harmonized cross-border management strategies policy documentsEC, DG-Regio, DG-Energy 13