Dr. Chretien’s United States History: Andrew Jackson and Manifest Destiny

Period 4: People Provide both a general summary of each person and then provide a specific explanation of how they affected this time period in history. Harriet Beecher StoweNat TurnerDenmark Vessey Gabriel ProsserWilliam Lloyd GarrisonFrederick Douglass James K. PolkZachary TaylorHarriet Tubman Stephen DouglasMatthew C. PerryJefferson Davis Hilton R. HelperJohn BrownAbraham Lincoln Robert E. LeeUlysses S. GrantAndrew Johnson Terms “King Cotton”The AmistadUncle Tom’s Cabin American Colonization Society abolition The Liberator Manifest DestinyMexican-American WarBear Flag Revolt Treaty of Guadalupe-HidalgoWilmot ProvisoFree Soil Party Underground RailroadCompromise of 1850Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 Ostend Manifestotranscontinental railroadGadsden Purchase Kansas-Nebraska ActLecompton Constitution“Bleeding Kansas” Dred Scott casePanic of 1857Lincoln-Douglas Debates Freeport DoctrineConfederate States of America Crittenden AmendmentsFort Sumterborder states New York City draft riotsMorrill Tariff ActBattle of Bull Run The Anaconda PlanBattle of AntietamEmancipation Proclamation Battle of GettysburgGettysburg AddressBattle of Vicksburg “march to the sea”“War Democrats”“Peace Democrats” CopperheadsThe Union PartyAppomattox Courthouse ReconstructionFreedman’s BureauThe Ten-Percent Plan The Wade-Davis BillThirteenth Amendmentblack codes Pacific Railroad ActHomestead ActFourteenth Amendment Reconstruction ActFifteenth Amendmentscalawags carpetbaggersKu Klux KlanTenure of Office Act impeachment“Seward’s Folly” 4

I. Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy 5 5. Polk and Democrats advocated “Manifest Destiny” (God supported US expansion) 6. the possible annexation of Texas was major campaign issue (Clay was inconsistent on the issue and he lost election) 7. (1844) James K. Polk and his expansionist ideas won the election A Mandate? for Manifest Destiny (1844) Henry Clay (Whig) ran against a long- shot candidate James K. Polk (Democrat) 4. Polk had been Speaker of the House, governor of Tennessee and “Young Hickory” was sponsored by Jackson

6 C. Polk and Manifest Destiny tariff lowered from 32% to 25% (led to economic growth despite nervous industrialists) 3. (1846) Polk restored the independent treasury (providing our government some regulation over banking system) (April, 1846) news of Mexican troops crossing Rio Grande and killing or wounding 16 Americans reached Polk Oregon was huge (stretching from northern CA to the 54°40’ line) British claims were strong north of the Columbia River (populated by Brits and claimed by Hudson’s Bay Company) 11. US had strong claims south of Columbia River (lots of Americans lived there thinks to Oregon Trail) northerners some protested (“Why all of Texas but not all of Oregon?”) D. The Mexican-American War 1.

7 2. US sent John Slidell to Mexico City prepared to offer up to $25 million for CA (he was ignored) some politicians wanted to know the exact spot of the fighting (including Abraham “Spotty” Lincoln) the recently dethroned Santa Anna promised the US if he returned to power he would end war and give US CA (he lied) 11. operations under Stephen Kearny captured Santa Fe 12. John Fremont successfully led the Bear Flag Revolt in CA General Winfield Scott led US troops into Mexico City

US lost 13,000 soldiers in the war (most by disease) 21. the war proved a practicing ground for the Civil War (Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee) the Wilmot Proviso passed House of Reps. (controlled by North) twice but not the Senate 27. Mexico lost ½ its land in the war but took satisfaction that this land helped cause Civil War in U.S. (“Santa Anna’s Revenge”)