MEASUREMENTS

F INDING THE LENGTH  The length, width, and height of an object is measured with a RULER or a METER STICK  In science, measurements are usually taken using the METRIC SYSTEM. In other words, measurements are read using:  millimeter (mm)  centimeter (cm)  decimeter (dm)  meter (m)  Dekameter (dam or Dm)  Hectometer (Hm)  Kilometer (Km)

W HAT IS MASS ? Mass is how heavy an object is.

F INDING THE MASS To find the mass of an object, a triple beam balance or a scale is used.  In science, measurements are usually taken using the METRIC SYSTEM. In other words, measurements for mass are read using:  Milligram (mg)  Centigram (cg)  Decigram (dg)  Gram (g)  Dekagram (dag or Dg)  Hectogram (Hg)  Kilogram (Kg)

W HAT IS VOLUME? Volume is the measurement of how much “stuff” (liquid, solid, gas) will fit into a given amount of space. In other words, it is how much space the “stuff” takes up in the world.

FINDING THE VOLUME There are 3 different methods for measuring volume. The method used depends on the object. Some objects are Regular Solids (like a cube, a box, or a book). A Regular solid has SIDES. Some objects are Irregular Solids (like a rock, a ball, or a pencil). An Irregular solid does NOT have sides. Other objects may be liquid.

FINDING THE VOLUME OF A REGULAR SOLID To find the volume of a regular solid, measure the LENGTH, WIDTH, and HEIGHT. Then use the following formula to calculate VOLUME. V= L x W x H Remember, your units will usually be measured in cm 3

FINDING THE VOLUME OF AN IRREGULAR SOLID To find the volume of an IRREGULAR SOLID, you need to use the WATER DISPLACEMENT method. You need to follow the following steps: Place water in a graduated cylinder and measure the volume (In other words, how much water in mL did you add?) Place object in the water to see how much the water level changes (what is the new water level?). Take the difference between the two readings by subtracting. This is the volume of the object.

W ATER DISPLACEMENT WITH AN OVERFLOW CUP You may use the water displacement method with an overflow cup instead of graduated cylinder. The steps are as follows: Fill the overflow cup until water begins to spill out of the cup. Place a smaller beaker next to the overflow cup so that it will catch any water that may overflow. Add the object to the overflow cup. Water will spill out into the smaller beaker. Pour the water from the smaller beaker into a graduated cylinder so that you can get an accurate reading of the water level. This is the volume of the object.

WATER DISPLACEMENT USING THE OVERFLOW CUP (CONTINUED) Why does the volume of the water in the cylinder equal the volume of the object? The object can only displace its own volume. In other words, it will displace (push out of the way) the same amount of space that it fills in the world.

F INDING THE VOLUME OF A LIQUID To find the volume of a liquid, place the liquid in a graduated cylinder or beaker. Measure the amount of liquid in the graduated cylinder or beaker. This is the VOLUME of the liquid.

T AKING TEMPERATURE READINGS In science, we use the METRIC SYSTEM to take most measurements. To find the temperature of something, we should make sure to take measurements in degrees Celsius.

M ETRIC CONVERSIONS There are 3 base units in the METRIC SYSTEM. These are: Liter Meter Gram

METRIC CONVERSIONS  Liter is the unit that Volume is measured in.  Meter is the unit that Length is measured in.  Gram is the Unit that Mass is measured in.

M ETRIC CONVERSIONS King Henry Died by drinking chocolate milk

METRIC CONVERSIONS To convert to a smaller unit, move decimal point to the right or multiply To convert to a larger unit, move decimal point to the left or divide

F OR EXAMPLE To convert daL to kL You need to move the decimal point to the left by 2 spaces. So daL = 5.372kL

A NOTHER EXAMPLE To convert daL to mL You need to move the decimal point to the right by 4 spaces. So daL = mL

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION Scientific Notation is a method used to convert really large or really small numbers into manageable format.

F OR EXAMPLE To write the number 2,376,000,000 grams in Scientific Notation you need to: Write the coefficient – a number between 1 and …. That approximates the magnitude of a number. So for 2,376,000,000, the coefficient is Then you multiply the coefficient by the base, which is 10: x 10 Then you add the exponent. This is a number used to indicate the number of places and direction in which a decimal is moved. Since we need to move the decimal point to the right, it is positive. So, the number 2,376,000,000 grams in scientific notation is x 10 9