Surface Chemistry Jurusan Kimia Fakultas MIPA Universitas Jember.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Water and Solutions Section 3
Advertisements

Structure & Properties of Water
Aqueous Information for you. covers about three fourths of the surface of the makes up from 50 to 95 percent of the weight of living organisms cytoplasm.
Chapter 10 Surface Interactions. Interfaces Why does the coating on non-stick frypans stick to the pan but not to food?
Water and Its Properties Honors Biology Ms. Kim
Water A.Structure of water B.Ionization of water C.Solvent properties of water D.Thermal properties of water E.Monomers and polymers.
Water’s Life support Properties Text pg
Properties of Water. Water The universal solvent in living things which makes up over 90% of cells and the majority of Earth.
Unit 8: Solutions Mathematicians have Problems, But Chemists have Solutions.
Surface and Interface Chemistry  Solid/liquid Interface Valentim M. B. Nunes Engineering Unit of IPT 2014.
Unit 11: States of Matter Ch. 13, Sections 2-4. ++ -- Types of Covalent Bonds Polar Covalent Bond –e - are shared unequally –asymmetrical e - density.
 Water molecule dipole moment.  The polarity of water affects its properties –Causes water to remain liquid at higher temperature –Permits ionic compounds.
Chapter 13.1 Objectives Demonstrate the uniqueness of water as a chemical substance. Demonstrate the uniqueness of water as a chemical substance. Model.
Soil Matric Potential – Capillarity and More
Surface and Interface Chemistry  Thermodynamics of Surfaces (LG and LL Interfaces) Valentim M. B. Nunes Engineering Unit of IPT 2014.
Liquids and Solutions Ch. 14 and 15.
The Origins of Surface and Interfacial Tension
Intermolecular Attractions -- Liquids and Solids L. Scheffler IB Chemistry
Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life Section 1: The Nature of Matter
Surface and Interface Chemistry  Liquid/gas Interface
Liquid-Gas and Liquid-Liquid Interfaces
Physical - chemistry of surface phenomena
Chapter 15. Interfacial Phenomena
Intermolecular Attractions. What is the difference?  What is the difference between:  Inter-molecular?  Intra-molecular?  More solid  Moves less.
Basic Chemistry Water Chemistry Atoms – 1 X Each atom is made up of a ‘nucleus’ and ‘orbits’ or ‘shells’ outside the nucleus Nucleus: Protons.
Surface Chemistry the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid-liquid interfaces, solid-gas.
Properties Of Water Unit 1.
 The force with which surface molecules are held is called the surface tension of the liquid  It is the force acting perpendicularly.
Water Properties Lab. First, a bit of chemistry…
HOMEWORK Application of Environment Spatial Information System HW – Surface Tension Minkasheva Alena Thermal Fluid Engineering Lab. Department of Mechanical.
Chemistry of Life Chapter 3 Biology Mr. Gilbertson.
REVIEW Chemistry of Life & Properties of Water. Atomic number =# of protons = # of electrons.
Lesson Overview 2.2 Properties of Water.
STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES OF WATER. One of very few compounds that is liquid at temperatures found on earth’s surface. One of very few compounds that is.
 Triatomic molecule  Contains covalent bonds  Includes partial positive and partial negative charges  Where do these charges come from?
Water and Aqueous Systems Chemistry Mrs. Coyle. The Water Molecule Bent Two lone electron pairs Polar molecule.
Chapter 15 “Water and Aqueous Systems” Pre-AP Chemistry Charles Page High School Stephen L. Cotton.
Water The Universal Solvent OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water chemistry.
Water Water is the most essential and abundant substance on Earth. Cells are made up mostly of water and most cells are surrounded by water. The importance.
CHEMISTRY 2000 Topic #2: Intermolecular Forces – What Attracts Molecules to Each Other? Spring 2010 Dr. Susan Lait.
PROPERTIES OF WATER The Universal Solvent. The Water Molecule Simple tri-atomic molecule, H 2 O Each O-H bond is highly polar due to the high electronegativity.
Adsorption of geses on liquids. Surface-active and surface-inactive substances. Gibbs’s equation, Shyshkovsky’s equations and Langmuir’s equations Plan.
Properties of Water Chapter 2 Section 2. Objectives  Discuss the unique properties of water  Differentiate between solutions and suspensions  Explain.
Water The Universal Solvent A water molecule is so small that there are billions of molecules in a single drop of water. About 60 million water molecules.
Chapter 8 Surface phenomena and dispersion system 8.1 Surface tension.
Chemical Formula  H 2 O  How many atoms?  How many elements?  How many molecules?  How many hydrogen atoms? Oxygen?  Why kind of bonds are between.
Liquids  Many physical properties related to internal attraction of atoms.  Surface tension  Capillary action  Beading  Viscosity  Stronger interparticle.
Bonds Ionic Covalent Hydrogen. Bonds Ionic Transfer electrons Form between ions (+/-) Covalent Share electrons Weaker than ionic 2 types – Polar – Nonpolar.
The Properties of Water The chemical formula for water is H 2 O. This mean that each molecule of water is made from two Atoms of hydrogen and one atom.
Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a. OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water.
1 Chapter 10 States of Matter. Essential Question What are physical & chemical properties of liquids and solids? Standard 2h Students will identify solids.
Chapter 1 Earth: The Water Planet Section 2 The Properties of Water.
Surface Adhesion and Water Drops Low Surface Adhesion High Surface Adhesion Water molecules attracted to each other (hydrogen bonding) and not to the surface.
Lecture #12 Water and Its Properties Honors Biology Ms. Gaynor.
Water : A Molecule Essential for Life. Thoughts to Ponder…… Why can’t we survive more than a week without water? How does water rise up 300 feet from.
Describe why hydrogen bonding in water is important Explain why water is such a good solvent (example: salt dissolving in water) Describe the difference.
Chemistry of Life Bio.2 a,b – Cells Macromolecules Molecules Atoms.
1. Define electronegativity. How is electronegativity related to polarity? 2. How would you classify water – ionic or covalent bond?
1. 2 Review of Water Basics 1.What is the chemical formula for water? Polarity H2OH2O Note: Hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms are not red or white in real.
Chemistry of Life Moves around nucleus 0Electron Part of nucleus 01Neutron +11Proton Location in Atom Charge Relative Mass Particles Comparison Of Particles.
Surface Properties of Biological Materials
SURFACE TENSION RL NO:- 223 SHAH POOJAN .T.
Structure & Properties of Water
Structure & Properties of Water
Intermolecular Forces
Properties of Water.
P .K CHOURASIA PRESENTS SURFACE CHEMISTRY.
Surface Chemistry the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid-liquid interfaces, solid-gas.
How Important Is Water???.
Presentation transcript:

Surface Chemistry Jurusan Kimia Fakultas MIPA Universitas Jember

Surface Chemistry The study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid-liquid interfaces, solid-gas interfaces, solid-vacuum interfaces, and liquid-gas interfaces

Gas-Liquid and Liquid-liquid Interfaces

Phenomena in Surface Chemistry Wetting, Spreading and Penetration Foam Breaking in Aqueous Systems Solubilization Rheological Effects in Surfactant Phases

Surface Tension,  an effect within the surface layer of a liquid that causes that layer to behave as an elastic sheet

Surface Tension,  Ketika mengisi gelas dengan air, air tidak tumpah meskipun permukaannya sedikit melebihi bibir gelas Kenapa air tidak dapat tumpah? A reason is that water has force to round of itself and remains at the border of cup by shaping an arch. The force to round of itself (to reduce area of surface) is Surface Tention. Unit of surface tentions is “mN/m” now. Once “dyne/cm” was being used and the scale of those units are same

Surface Tension Water Bead or Dome Penny Water Molecule O O O H Water Molecule O H O H O H Water molecules are too small for us to see with our eyes alone, but they are composed of one Oxygen (O) atom and two Hydrogen (H) atoms. This is why water is commonly called H2O. O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H Penny Have you heard the saying opposites attract? In a way the atoms that make up a water molecule are kind of like magnets. The hydrogen atoms are positively charged and the oxygen atoms are negatively charged so the water molecules are attracted to each other. This attraction causes the molecules to want to “stick” together and form a dome on a waterproof surface. O H -- Attraction O H +

Surface Tension Soapy Water Plain Water Penny Penny O O O O O O O O O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H O H Penny Penny Soap Molecule In our new model, the blue rectangle represents a soap molecule. Soap molecules act as a “barrier.” When soap is present in the water, the water molecules have a harder time attracting each other so surface tension is reduced. As a result, fewer water molecules will fit on the same penny.

Surface Tension as a Force caused by the attraction between the molecules of the liquid by various intermolecular forces

Surface Tension as a Surface Exess Free Energy γ= 𝜕G 𝜕A P,T

Essential of Surface Tension It originates in Intermolecular forces between molecules. In the bulk, intermolecular forces work every direction and keep balance On Surface, the balance is off and molecules exposed in the surface are pulled inside The surface molecules demand others for interaction and surplus energies generated there, which is Surface Tension. Surface tension is peculiar physical property of each material has

Surface Tension and Wettability If the surface tension of a target liquid is large... Force to make the liquid round of itself will be strong The liquid will be apt to be repelled by solid surfaces Contact angle results larger  wetting becomes worse If the surface tension of a target liquid is small... The liquid will allow to wet over the solid surface Contact angle results smaller  wetting becomes better. It will contribute better sreading and permeating

Applications of Surface Tension Evaluation focusing to liquids Abality of surfactant to decrease S.T. Wettability, permeability between solid and liquid Permeation to clearance, fibers Ink, surfactant Coating Characterization of liquids Emulsification Dressing, mayonaise, cosmetics Quality control of detergent, guilt Management of change cycle

Liquid Interfaces For lotions with mineral oil base to spread freely and evenly on the skin, its polarity and spreading coefficient should be increase by the addition of surfactant

ℎ= 2 𝛾 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝜌𝑔𝑟 Determination Methods Capillary Rise Method Where: h = the height the liquid is lifted, la = the liquid-air surface tension (J/m² or N/m) θ = contact angle ρ = density of liquid (kg/m3) g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s²) r = radius of tube (m)

The Ring Method where  = constant (Du Noűy Tensiometer)

Principle of du Noűy Ring methods A detecting platinum ring is hanged on the balance and the ring bottom is touched to the liquid surface Same system can be used for plate and ring in common Surface tension of liquid does not work along the ring bottom at this condition. Than, let the liquid surface down to detach it from the ring The peak downward force detected by the balance before detaching the ring from the liquid surface is converted to surface tension.

mg = 3a cos() Pendant Drop Method  is the surface tension of liquid  is the contact angle at which a liquid/vapor interface meets the solid surface. Contact Angle Goniometer.

Pendant Drop Method

Surface Tension (mNm-1) of some liquids 0oC 20oC 40oC 60oC 80oC 100oC H2O 75.64 72.75 59.56 66.18 62.61 58.85 Ethanol 24.05 22.27 20.60 19.01 - - Acetone 26.20 23.70 21.20 18.60 16.20 Toluene 30.74 28.43 26.13 23.81 21.53 19.39 Benzene 31.60 28.90 26.30 23.70 21.30 Hg (0oC) 480 Ag (970oC) 800 NaCl (1080oC) 94 AgCl (452oC) 125 Intermolecular forces

Surface Tension Directly depends on intermolecular forces in the solution Inversely depends on temperature  of metallic liquid > ionic liquid > covalent liquid

ls = la cosθ Liquid in The Vertical tube ls = liquid-solid surface tension la = liquid-air surface tension = contact angle Concave Concave Adhesive>>Cohesive Convex Adhesive<<Cohesive Convex

Interface Tension and Sprading

Spreading Coefficient, S in Water at 20 °C liquid B n-hexadecane 72.8-(30.0+52.1) = - 9.3 Drop on water surface n-octane 72.8-(21.8+50.8) = + 0.2 Spreading n-octanol 72.8-(27.5+8.5) = +36.8 Spreading against inpurity

Use the following data of the surface/interface tensions (mN m-1) at 20oC A B A B AB H2O C6H6 72.75 28.88 35.0 H2O CCl4 72.75 26.28 45.0 H2O Hg 72.75 470 375 H2O C8H15OH 72.75 17.0 10.7 predicts the spreading behavior of B on A

Surface Tension of Solution Substances in solution : Surface active agent “Surfactant” (<o) hydrophilic part hydrophobic part Surface inactive agent (>o) such as ionic compounds, acids, bases etc.

Surface Tension of Some Alcohols in Water at 20 °C

Surfactants in Solution Micelle formation when C > CMC

CMC determination CMC = critical micelle concentration

Surface tension in Surfactant Surfactants have characteristics to change surface tension over time and the curves very depended on surfactant concentration Surfactants have a point of critical comcentration the surface tension does not get lower. That point is called “CMC” In the lower concentration than CMC, the surface tension will change untill equilibration

Effect of Concentration on surface tension Adsorption On surface Gibbs isotherm  is known as surface concentration (mol/m2) C is the concentration of the substance in the bulk solution. R is the gas constant T the temperature

Tugas Mencari Jurnal tentang Surface Chemistry in Important Technologies dalam web EBSCO. 2. Membuat rangkuman dalam 1 halaman A4 Dikumpulkan Kamis 7 April 2016.