Non Communicable Diseases

Non-Communicable Disease  A Non-communicable Disease is a disease that is NOT spread through contact. Are caused by how people live, conditions they are born with, or environmental hazards. It is a breakdown in body cells and tissues.

Non-Communicable Disease  Degenerative Diseases Cause further breakdown, or degeneration in body cells and tissues as they progress  Chronic Diseases Are present either continuously or off and on over a long period of time May develop as a result of a person’s lifestyle behaviors or substances in a person’s environment

Non-Communicable Disease  Diseases Present at Birth Genetic Disorder- the body does not develop or function normally because of an inherited problem Birth Defect- disorders of the developing and newborn baby, causes are sometimes unknown In most cases there are no cure for either  Diseases Resulting from Lifestyle Behaviors Risk Factors are certain characteristics that increase a person’s chances of developing the disease.

Common Birth Defects  One out of every 33 babies is born with a birth defect  Heart defects Some of these heart defects can be serious, and a few are very severe.  Spina Bifida  Birth defects of the lip and roof of the mouth are also common. These birth defects, known as "orofacial clefts," include cleft lip, cleft palate, and combined cleft lip and cleft palate.

Common Genetic Disorders  Color Blindness  Down Syndrome  Hemophilia  Sickle Cell Disease  Tay-Sachs Diease

Non-Communicable Disease  Diseases Caused by the Environment Many diseases are caused by hazards in the environment  Fumes from chemicals  Second hand smoke  Radon  Asbestos

Preventing Disease Not within a person’s control:  Age  Gender  Race  Family history Within a person’s control:  Weight  Exercise  Diet  Tobacco

Preventing Disease  Preventing Heart Disease STRESS Exercise Diet Weight Tobacco Alcohol

Heart Disease  Heart disease is the #1 killer of adults in the United States!  Heart Disease includes any condition that lessens the strength or function of the heart and/or blood vessels.  Healthy lifestyle behaviors lower risk of heart disease

High Blood Pressure Blood Pressure- force of the blood on the inside walls of the blood vessels. Typical blood pressure for teens is 110/70 Your blood pressure is not the same at all times. It may increase while exercising or under stress and my lower when at rest. 4 factors that increase your chances of having high blood pressure  Eating a large amount of salt  Being overweight  Feeling extreme stress for long periods of time  Having a family history of high blood pressure

Cancer  2 nd leading cause of death in adults in the United States  What is Cancer? Involve abnormal body cells growing out of control  Tumors (groups of abnormal cells) Benign Tumor  are not cancerous Malignant Tumor  cancerous

Cancer  What Causes Cancer? Factors that are inherited Lifestyle behaviors  Diagnosing Cancer The earlier cancer is detected the better the chance of the person’s survival. Can be Diagnosed through  Routine Physical Examination  Blood Tests  Biopsy- small piece of tissue is removed for testing in a lab

Cancer  Warning Signs of Cancer There are 7 warning signs of cancer identified by the American Cancer Society Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness

Cancer  Treatment of Cancer Surgery- remove cancer cells from the body Radiation- X-rays, or other radioactive substances are aimed at a tumor Chemotherapy- chemicals are used to destroy cancer cells All three can damage healthy cells with the cancer cells. Radiation and chemotherapy used to treat one cancer may themselves cause a second cancer years later.

Cancer  Preventing Cancer You can lower you risk of developing some types of cancer by making certain healthy choices. Avoid Tobacco Eat Healthy Limit Sun Exposure

Allergies  In some cases the immune system reacts to substances to which a person is sensitive.  Common allergies Non-life threatening  Dust, dogs, cats, pollen, cut grass and ragweed… Potential to be life threatening  Bee stings, peanut butter, nuts…

Allergies  Reactions to Allergies In response to allergens the body releases histamines (chemicals in the body that cause the symptoms of the allergic reaction) Symptoms  Difficulty Breathing  Skin rash  Hives- raised bumps on the skin that are very itchy

Asthma  Asthma- a serious chronic condition that causes tiny air passages in the respiratory system to become narrow or blocked.  More than 10 million people in the US have asthma. 1/3 of these people are under the age of 18.  Periods when asthma symptoms are being experienced is called asthma attacks.  Substances or events that start the attacks are called asthma triggers.

Asthma  Common Triggers of Asthma Exposure to allergens Cold air Cigarette smoke Air pollution Certain foods or drugs Strenuous Activity

Asthma  Treatments Relaxation Techniques Medication  Some block swelling in the bronchial tubes and decrease the amount of mucus being produced.  Others, called bronchodilators, are used to relax the muscles that have tightened around the airways.

Other Non-Communicable Diseases  Arthritis A person with arthritis may have one of more than 100 conditions marked by pain and swelling in body joints. About 1 person in every 7 suffer from arthritis Can affect people of any age

Other Non-Communicable Diseases  Diabetes Disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy Affects people of all ages About 16 million people in the US have diabetes Causes: heredity, problems with the production of the hormone insulin

Other Non-Communicable Diseases Type I Diabetes  The result of little or no insulin produced by the pancreas  Must always take insulin to maintain life (insulin- dependent) usually develops in children and young adults, affects more males than females Type II Diabetes  Result of too little insulin produced by the pancreas or the inability to use insulin  90% of all diabetes cases are type II  Can develop in people who are overweight and more than 40 years old