Overview and Strategy Stuart Henderson Fermilab Accelerator Advisory Committee November 7-9, 2011

Outline Mission and Organization of the Accelerator Sector Operational Status Strategic Plan and Long Range Goals of the Accelerator Sector 2S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 2011

Mission and Organization of the Accelerator Sector S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 20113

Mission of the Accelerator Sector  Operating the accelerator complex at the highest levels of performance, efficiency and safety [Operations] 4 Operations Capability Acceler- ator Science Technology Develop- ment Future Facilities Enable the U.S. scientific community to tackle the most fundamental physics questions of our era by  Advancing basic understanding of beams and accelerators [Accelerator Science]  Maximizing the capabilities of the accelerator complex through upgrades and improvements [Expanding Capability]  Designing and building the next generation accelerator facilities for particle physics [Future Facilities]  Developing and nurturing those technologies that will enable the accelerator facilities of the future [Technology Development] S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 2011

Accelerator Sector Organization 5 Accelerator Division R. Dixon Head Accelerator Sector Stuart Henderson Associate Laboratory Director Accelerator Physics Center V. Shiltsev Head Technical Division G. Apollinari Head Accelerator Support S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 2011

Operational Status S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 20116

Tevatron Concluded Operations September 30, 2011 S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 20117

Tevatron Performance in 2011 FY11 Records: Highest peak luminosity: 4.3x10 32 cm -2 sec -1 Highest yearly integrated luminosity: 2.57fb -1 Highest weekly integrated luminosity:78.4pb -1 S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, Devoted ~2 weeks to Tevatron Studies program

Neutrino Program Operating 120 GeV Main Injector at ~350 kW for long-baseline program, 8 GeV Booster for short-baseline program Delivered 2.21x10 20 Protons to the NuMI target, which fell short of goals (but was the second best year for POT) Significant downtime due to 4 target failures and change-outs Post-mortem analyses carried out on all failed targets; several design improvements have been implemented Engaged expertise at Rutherford Laboratory in the UK in analysis, design and target production In 2012 we will begin modifying complex to deliver 700 kW from MI S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9,

Strategic Plan and Long- Range Goals for the Accelerator Sector S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9,

Fermilab Accelerator Strategy 11 NuMI (120 GeV): 350 kW Booster (8GeV): 35 kW NuMI (120 GeV) 700 kW Booster (8GeV): 80 kW Project-X: 120 GeV 3 GeV GeV Neutrino Factory To build upon our existing strengths to establish a world-leading program at the Intensity Frontier, enabled by a world-class facility Technology Development and Fundamental Accelerator Science LHC Tevatron LHC Tevatron LHC Upgrades in luminosity and energy LHC Upgrades in luminosity and energy Lepton Colliders …and use this program to provide a cornerstone for an Energy Frontier facility beyond LHC …while relying on a strong program of technology development and fundamental accelerator science. S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 2011

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Ten-Year Goal #1: Fermilab is the world leader on the Intensity Frontier We will develop a world-leading intensity frontier program based on a unique and powerful world-class accelerator complex Therefore we will… Get the most from our Accelerator Complex in the near-term: Ensure that the Accelerator Complex delivers on its commitments to the experimental program Increase the repetition rate, throughput and life expectancy of the 8 GeV proton source through the Proton Improvement Plan Modify the accelerator complex to enable a muon program based on the 8 GeV proton source (Mu2e and g-2) Build LBNE and begin to take data build a world-class facility in the mid-term Work toward Project X construction start in 2016 Develop plans for the long-term evolution of FNAL accelerator complex (NF/MC) based on Project X S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9,

Evolution of the Accelerator Complex (through 2020) : Shutdown Tevatron : Proton Improvement Plan : Accelerator Upgrades for NOvA : Reconfigure P- bar for Mu2e/g-2 S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 2011

Proton Improvement Plan The 40-yr old Proton Source (Linac and Booster) powers the U.S. accelerator-based HEP program until Project X is built The demand for protons increases by a factor of two throughout the 2010s Many components in operation are “original equipment” that  were not designed for the repetition-rate and throughput that is required, are difficult to maintain, and for which replacement parts are difficult to find The Proton Improvement Plan should enable Linac/Booster operation capable of  delivering 2.25E17 protons/hour (at 15 Hz) in 2016  maintaining Linac/Booster availability > 85%, and  maintaining residual activation at acceptable levels and also ensuring a useful operating life of the proton source through S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9,

Proton Source Throughput Goals 16 g-2 Mu2e 8 GeV 120 GeV NOvA Shutdown LBNE S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 2011

Building a World-Class Intensity Frontier Facility: Project X The central element of our Strategic Plan is the construction of Project X Project X Mission is to establish a world-leading Intensity Frontier Facility by providing  MW-class, multi-GeV, proton beams supporting multiple kaon, muon, and neutrino based precision experiments;  Neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, based on a capability of targeting at least 2 MW of proton beam power at any energy between 60 – 120 GeV. Simultaneous operations of the rare processes and neutrino programs.  Path toward a muon source for possible future Neutrino Factory and/or a Muon Collider.  Options for implementing a program of Standard Model tests with nuclei and/or applications beyond HEP Focus of R&D activities is on SC structure development and design/construction of the Project-X Injector Experiment (PXIE)  Goal to demonstrate injector and initial acceleration requirements with beam up to ~30 MeV  Tests chopper, RFQ, superconducting structure performance with beam 17S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 2011

Project X Reference Design Unique capability to provide multi-MW beams to multiple experiments simultaneously, with variable bunch formats.  Design concept/configuration stable for more than a year Provides U.S. Intensity Frontier leadership for decades! 18 GeV 3 3 GeV GeV S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 2011

Project X and the High Power Proton Accelerator Landscape 19 Simultaneous S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 2011

Ten-Year Goal #2: Fermilab plays a leadership role in developing the technology for next generation accelerators In ten years… Fermilab is leading the effort to make the next energy frontier machine a reality Fermilab technology is being deployed at LHC for the luminosity upgrade program Magnet technology development program points the way to real solutions for a future hadron collider or lepton collider SRF expertise has enabled PX design and construction, has made substantial contributions to other SRF-based accelerators (e.g. NGLS), and is prepared to support a future collider Muon Accelerator Program is complete and next phase of R&D is underway; demonstration of key subsystems (6d cooling) is underway at a dedicated muon beam test area at Fermilab S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9,

High-Field Magnet Program Focus of Efforts: 11T Nb 3 Sn twin-aperture dipole magnet development for LHC upgrade Higher field 11T-11m length replaces 8.3T-15m length to allow space for additional collimation systems needed for higher luminosity Would be first application of Nb 3 Sn technology in a working accelerator Nb 3 Sn coil fabrication technology: conductor, insulation, structural materials; LARP success: 220T/m (85% of short sample limit) in LQ Conceptual design studies for MC/NF magnets; fabrication and test of two short large-aperture helical solenoid models First test of HTS (YBCO tape) coil in hybrid configuration; 18.3T achieved Capabilities are in demand for MICE magnets, ITER, JLAB 12 GeV, PPPL, …. 21

Superconducting RF Program The Laboratory’s strategy hinges on SRF Technology SRF R&D program is carried out in an integrated approach that supports the strategic goals of U.S. HEP: Project X and the ILC Focus of and goals of efforts  Building technological base for Project-X through development of complete set of SC RF structures for acceleration from 0.07 <  = 1 : 325 MHz, 650 MHz, 1300 MHz.  Advancing state-of-the-art in SRF performance at 325, 650 and 1300 MHz  Understanding limits to Quality Factor and Gradient through basic SC materials R&D  Proving capability in the Advanced SC Test Accelerator at NML  Developing necessary SRF infrastructure to support activities 22  =0.22 SSR1 Dressed 1300 MHz cavities Spoke Cavity Test Cryostat S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 2011

Final Assembly HTS VTS String Assembly MP9 Clean Room VTS 1 st U.S. built ILC/PX Cryomodule 1 st Dressed Cavity Cavity tuning machine Fermilab SRF infrastructure 23

Technology Development for Future Colliders Muon Collider and Neutrino Factory  Fermilab is the host lab for the national Muon Accelerator Program (MAP) and contributes ~2/3 of MAP effort  Deliverables:  Muon Collider Design Feasibility Report  Critical technology R&D: cooling, magnets,..  Contributions to and leadership in MICE  Contributions to IDS-NF 24 A 4 TeV Muon Collider fits on the Fermilab Site International Linear Collider  constructing a fully integrated ILC RF unit with 3 CMs powered by a single RF source with the goal of demonstrating required beam performance (S2 Goals)  We are testing the first CM now; completed string assy for CM2 and anticipate completing a full unit in FY13  Activities focused on study of RF in magnetic fields utilizing newly commissioned MuCool Test Area, and US MICE magnet deliverables

Ten-Year Goal #3:Fermilab is a recognized leader in Advanced Accelerator R&D and Accelerator Science As the national particle physics laboratory, we should be playing a much bigger role in the development of tomorrow’s acceleration methods. We will build on the A0 program and substantial infrastructure investments In ten years we want to … have a broad program in AARD underway, developing transformative approaches to particle beam acceleration and manipulation provide unique facilities to enable a national AARD program  A broad user program is operating at ASTA, publishing > 15 high quality pubs/year be recognized as a significant contributor to the AARD field Simulation, modeling and theory groups to be recognized as world-leading educate accelerator scientists and engineers in a well-regarded, established program grow Accelerator Science partnership with Argonne and UChicago S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9,

AARD Highlights Our long-term ambitions build on the A0 AARD Program Recent highlights: Referred Journal publications : 1. Y.-E Sun et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, (2010). 2. P. Piot et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14, (2011). 3. A. H. Lumpkin et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14, (2011). 4. J. Ruan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, (2011). 5. P. Piot et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, (2011). In addition, we are considering the possibility of pursuing a plasma acceleration experiment making use of a proton drive beam S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, Transverse to Longitudinal Emittance Exchange (J. Ruan et. al. )

Advanced Accelerator R&D at the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) We are constructing a test accelerator using ILC technology to serve two purposes 27  to demonstrate technology readiness of a complete ILC RF Unit  provide a powerful and unique facility for advanced accelerator R&D We have set up a joint FNAL-ANL working group on scientific opportunities for AARD at the Test Facility Among the ~25 proposed experiments, we have identified three flagship experiments: integrable optics test accelerator, crystal-based compact high- brightness x-ray source longitudinal bunch-shape manipulation using double-emittance exchange S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 2011

NML/ASTA Facility Layout S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9, 2011 Existing NML Building New Underground Tunnel Expansion (Space for 6 Cryomodules (2 RF Units), AARD Test Beam Lines) Funded by ARRA New Cryoplant & CM Test Facility (300 W Cryogenic Plant, Cryomodule Test Stands, 10 MW RF Test Area)

Ten-Year Goal #4:Fermilab plays a leading role in applying accelerator technology to society’s problems We have an opportunity to connect our technology to real-world applications by leveraging the investment in the Illinois Accelerator Research Center Fits well within OHEP’s stated mission of stewardship of accelerator science and technology within Office of Science In ten years, we want… IARC to be busy and self-sustaining with an active industrial/lab/ university program To bring in substantial funding (>5% of laboratory funding) from non- HEP sources To develop disclosures, patents and spin-offs from Fermilab activities and IARC To deploy technology and expertise where we can make an impact beyond particle physics (ITER, NGLS, ADS, medicine, …) S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9,

Illinois Accelerator Research Center (IARC) IARC is a partnership between Department of Energy and the State of Illinois to encourage and enable Fermilab to work closely with industry and universities on Accelerator Technology Development and Accelerator Education S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9,  The Office Technical & Education (OTE) building is funded at $ 20 M by a grant from the Illinois Dept. of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (DCEO)

Illinois Accelerator Research Center and the Applications Program Mission  Work with Industry, University, and Laboratory partners to promote the development of accelerator technology, projects, and applications  Promote the growth of high tech industry based on accelerator technology leading to new products and capabilities  Work with University partners to create an educational center for accelerator science and technology We have formed an Accelerator Applications Steering Group that is charged with formulating the applications strategy, the IARC business model, and engaging with funding agencies and potential industrial/university partners S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9,

Summary The Strategic Plan  Builds on our existing strengths in the Intensity Frontier, and seeks to cement this position by  getting the most from our Accelerator Complex in the near-term and  building a world-leading program powered by a world-class facility in the mid-term: Project X  Relies on a strong foundation of technology development and fundamental accelerator science to realize the ambitions of the field for Project X and beyond. S. Henderson, Accelerator Advisory Committee, Nov. 7-9,