Journal Questions 1). What was the name of the Republicans who wanted to punish the South after the Civil War? 2). What political group wanted to make peace with the South? 3). What battle did the U.S. earn a major victory during the War of 1812?

Name that Robber Baron

Labor Struggles During the Gilded Age

Working Conditions

Working conditions Long hours (up to 14 hours a day) Unsafe working conditions Low pay (averaged $500/year, average person needed $600/year to live) No benefits (if you are injured or killed – that’s too bad) Child labor

Why were companies able to do this?

To protest, workers began to form unions Unions = An organization that protects workers’ interest

Knights of Labor = The first labor union What happened to the Knights of Labor

Haymarket Strike

Two Types of Unions Craft Union Is a union of workers that have a particular skill (ex. Cigar Makers Union) Trade Union Is a union of workers in a general field (ex. Railroad workers union)

Two Labor Leaders Samuel Gompers Headed the American Federation of Labor It was a craft union Eugene V. Debs Mr. Socialist, he wanted to bring socialism to America He began the International Workers of the World (IWW)

Tools workers can use to get their way Strike= Workers refuse to go to work Mediation = A third party tries to work out the problem between the company and the workers

Arbitration= A third party has power to settle a dispute between the company and the workers (ex. A judge) Closed Shop = Workers must promise to be a member of a union to get hired

Tools the company can use against the workers Yellow-dog Contract = You promise to never join a union when you are hired Blacklist = You are placed on a “Do not hire list”

Scabs = People hired to work during a strike Lockout = The company shuts down if workers are threatening to strike Injunction = Court orders workers back to work