The Second New Deal Unit 3 Section 1 Part 4 Unit 3 Section 1 Part 4
A. The Second Hundred Days Despite criticism, support for the New Deal still high Democrats won congressional elections of 1934 This was a sign to FDR, that he was accepted by the people Courts still trying to find New Deal Unconst. Econ. Still not recovering Liberals were wanting president to do more 1935, FDR passed a 2 nd wave of legislation called the Second Hundred Days or the Second New Deal Despite criticism, support for the New Deal still high Democrats won congressional elections of 1934 This was a sign to FDR, that he was accepted by the people Courts still trying to find New Deal Unconst. Econ. Still not recovering Liberals were wanting president to do more 1935, FDR passed a 2 nd wave of legislation called the Second Hundred Days or the Second New Deal
1. Emergency Relief In the 2 nd ND, FDR tried to do away w/ direct payments to people in need Instead, FDR said people ought to work for pay The WPA employed 8.5 million Americans Built roads, subways, airports, zoos Funded writers and artists as well FDR hoped that paychecks would lift spirits 1. Emergency Relief In the 2 nd ND, FDR tried to do away w/ direct payments to people in need Instead, FDR said people ought to work for pay The WPA employed 8.5 million Americans Built roads, subways, airports, zoos Funded writers and artists as well FDR hoped that paychecks would lift spirits
2. Social Security Social Security created in 1935 Provided pensions for people 65 and older Many no longer needed to fear hunger or homelessness Also provided unemployment insurance To fund these new programs, Congress raised taxes SS responded to critics who argued that FDR didn’t help elderly Very few people actually received SS in the beginning 2. Social Security Social Security created in 1935 Provided pensions for people 65 and older Many no longer needed to fear hunger or homelessness Also provided unemployment insurance To fund these new programs, Congress raised taxes SS responded to critics who argued that FDR didn’t help elderly Very few people actually received SS in the beginning
B. Reviving Organized Labor Unions had suffered losses in the 20s NIRA guaranteed workers’ right to organize Many businesses ignored the NIRA 1934, Unions lost a lot of strikes, labor violence increased FDR supported Wagoner Act aka the National Labor Relations Act Outlawed many anti-labor practices Created the National Labor Relations Board Gave more power to unions Unions had suffered losses in the 20s NIRA guaranteed workers’ right to organize Many businesses ignored the NIRA 1934, Unions lost a lot of strikes, labor violence increased FDR supported Wagoner Act aka the National Labor Relations Act Outlawed many anti-labor practices Created the National Labor Relations Board Gave more power to unions
2. The CIO is Born A new union emerges under the leadership of John L. Lewis Head of the United Mine Workers New union called the Committee for Industrial Organization
3. The GM Sit-Down Strike 1936, United Auto Workers started a new kind of strike Workers simply sat down and stopped working at the GM plant in Michigan They stayed there day and night Workers relied on people outside to bring food and look after families GM couldn’t fight it Michigan state gov’t refused to help GM lost millions of dollars Eventually, workers win and get benefits they wanted
C. The Election of 1936 1. Rural Electricity One goal of FDR was to give more help to rural Americans Rural Electrification Act Regular elec. Co.’s were unwilling to raise power lines Bring electricity to people living in rural areas # of rural homes w/ electricity increased from 10 to 90%
2. Americans re-elect FDR FDR had a solid record going into election Also experienced improvements in Econ. Unemployment still high Personal income was up New Deal had given hope to millions FDR faced no serious competition FDR made speeches against Big Business Business leaders began to pour money into American Liberty League
FDR still gained tremendous victory Democrats also gained both houses of Congress For the 1 st time, African Americans voted primarily democrat
D. A Troubled Year FDR’s determination to overcome obstacles leads to problems 1. The Court-packing Plan FDR tried to pass a plan to reorganize U.S. Courts Would give the Pres. Power to appoint many new judges Would also add six new judge positions to Supreme Court FDR argued it would make the courts more efficient Many saw him as trying to “pack” the courts Congress spent most of 1937 dealing w/ his plan Many democrats began to desert FDR
2. Moving Forward Court plan ultimately failed Farm Tenancy Act Gave tenant farmers and share croppers a chance to own land Supreme Court ruled in favor of est. a minimum wage law in Wa. Also declared Social Security to be constitutional 2. Moving Forward Court plan ultimately failed Farm Tenancy Act Gave tenant farmers and share croppers a chance to own land Supreme Court ruled in favor of est. a minimum wage law in Wa. Also declared Social Security to be constitutional
3. Recovery in Doubt Fall 1937, stock market crashed again 2 million Americans lost their jobs FDR had to change his plan He had hope to cut back gov’t spending so as not to create a deficit Despite growing deficit, FDR began to seek more money to help John Maynard Keynes argued that Deficit Spending could fix the economy By 1938, things were getting better, but good feelings about New Deal and FDR faded 3. Recovery in Doubt Fall 1937, stock market crashed again 2 million Americans lost their jobs FDR had to change his plan He had hope to cut back gov’t spending so as not to create a deficit Despite growing deficit, FDR began to seek more money to help John Maynard Keynes argued that Deficit Spending could fix the economy By 1938, things were getting better, but good feelings about New Deal and FDR faded