Volcanoes Chapter 6. What are volcanoes? They are openings in the Earth that erupt gases, ash, and lava.

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Presentation transcript:

Volcanoes Chapter 6

What are volcanoes? They are openings in the Earth that erupt gases, ash, and lava

Kilauea – most active volcano in the world

Effects of eruptions: - volcanic ash (global temp.) -Lava flows -Fires -Lahars (mudslides) -Acid rain

Formation Magma is forced upward towards the Earth’s surface (WHY?) Flows out through openings called VENTS

Where do they occur? Divergent Plate boundaries Iceland

Convergent plate boundaries Andes Mountains – South America

Hot Spots The Hawaiian IslandsThe Hawaiian Islands

Types of Eruptions Based on - amount of water vapor or other gases trapped in magma - Silica content of magma

Quiet Eruptions Basaltic magma Iceland Kilauea

Explosive Eruptions Granitic & Andesitic Magma Mt. St. Helens Soufriere Hills Mt. Pinatubo Mt. Pinatubo

Forms of Volcanoes Shield Volcanoquiet eruptions of basaltic magma layering to form broad volcanoes with sloping sides Shield Volcano – quiet eruptions of basaltic magma layering to form broad volcanoes with sloping sides

Cinder Cone Cinder Cone – Explosive eruptions of tephra which form steep sided, loosely packed volcanoes

Composite Volcano – A combo of quiet and violent eruptions usually steep

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