The Age of Exploration & European Expansion Standard 7-1: The students will demonstrate an understanding of the growth and impact of global trade on the world civilizations after 1600.

Indicator Essential Question −How did technological and scientific advances contribute to the power of European nations? Big Ideas −How mapmaking, navigational, and technological advances improved the Europeans’ ability to navigate open waters. −How mapmaking, navigational, and technological advances allowed Europeans to dominate travel and trade. −How the use of gunpowder empowered them to conquer people in foreign lands.

Why was Europe so dominant in the 1600’s and 1700s? Scientific and technological innovations helped them dominate travel, trade, and military operations around the world. Technological dominance set the stage for the spreading and mixing of political, religious, cultural, social, economic, and scientific ideas.

What technology helped Europe dominate exploration and conquer new land? Improved mapmaking −Cartography Navigational technology helped Europeans’ navigate oceans. −caravel −compass −astrolabe Weapon technology −gunpowder rifles cannons.

What is Cartography? The creation of new maps. How did Cartography help explorers? This allowed explorers to find new places, avoid/rediscover previously found places, and avoid dangerous places.

Cartography (i.e. Mapmaking) Maps were not new, but as explorers found new lands, updates to previous maps were made. This helped to construct a more accurate portrayal of what the borders of new lands looked like so that explorers could find previously explored areas. It also helped fill out inland areas of maps as many explorers traveled on inland rivers also.

On the left is a Dutch map from You will notice many similarities to the modern map on the left. There are also some major differences. Let’s discuss some of the differences.

Bell Work9/29 What technologies helped the Europeans dominate the world from the 1400’s to the 1700s? cartography caravel compass astrolabe gunpowder

What is a compass? A navigational tool invented by the Chinese and improved on by the Europeans. A navigational tool that always points magnetic North. How did the compass help explorers? It helped sailors find their direction

What is an Astrolabe? This was an invention by the ancient Greeks however its use as a navigation tool was produced by the Arab nations in the 11 th century. A navigational tool that shows your ship’s location in latitude using the stars and the horizon. How did the astrolabe help explorers? It allows a sailor to know if they’re sailing too far north or south; helping the ship stay on track.

Champlain using his astrolabe. An astrolabe How to use an astrolabe.

What is a caravel? A new ship invented by the Portuguese in the 1400s. It had many masts (the wooden posts that hold the sail) and multiple sails (the cloth that catches the wind). How did the caravel help explorers? It was faster than previous ships. It could travel the coastal inlets and rivers b/c it was small and light. It had a new type of rudder (the big paddle in the back of the ship to steer it). Easier to steer. The caravel revolutionized how Europeans traveled by boat and was the key invention to begin exploration.

Rudder Sail Mast

What is gunpowder? Gunpowder was invented by the Chinese in the 8th century; however, it was not used on such a massive scale for military weaponry until the Europeans began using it. It is a black powder that guns and cannons use to fire. How did the gunpowder help explorers? Superior weapons, powered by gunpowder, allowed them to conquer entire civilizations with only a handful of fighters. In the New World, the natives didn’t have weapons that could compete with those powered by gunpowder, making conquering the natives easy.

Foldable Instructions Fold your computer paper vertically. Hold it long way and draw 4 lines vertically on the front (it doesn’t have to be perfect) Next draw a picture of each new technology in the box and label it. Next cut on the line to make 5 flaps Finally write the definition on the next page for each new technology.

What to write on the other side? From your notes write,

InventionDescription Cartography (Map Making) The creation of new maps as places were being discovered. This allowed new areas to be found. Compass A device which helped sailors find direction by using a magnetized needle which always pointed north Astrolabe A device which helped sailors use the position of the stars to figure out their location (latitude) Caravel A fast, lightweight ship which used triangular sails and a rudder for easier navigation at sea and in shallow waters Gunpowder  A mixture of chemicals that explodes when lit  Used in guns and cannons for: -protection from other Europeans -to dominate trade -to fight against natives -to hunt for food