 Large triangular sails made it possible to sail into the wind  Tacking – zig zag pattern  Advanced rudder made for easier navigation  Large storage areas under the boat

 First permanent settlements in North America  Sailed from Northern Europe to Iceland – Greenland – Canada  Settlements along the coast of Newfoundland

 Sailing for Spain  Believed he could reach India by sailing west  Took three ships: Nina, Piñta, Santa Maria  After sailing nearly two months he reached the Caribbean in October 1492

 Claimed land for Spain  Called Inhabitants “Los Indios”  Named first island San Salvador (holy savior)  Returned to Spain  Crown funded three more trips  Returned with 17 ships several hundred soldiers and about 1000 settlers intending to make a colonies

 Son of the Portuguese King  Sought exploration after Portugal invades North Africa  Amazed at life outside of Europe  1419 founds navigation school on southwest coast of Portugal  By his death in 1460 Portugal had numerous post along the west coast of Africa

 Portuguese explorer  Wanted to trade directly with Asia  Believed in both Mercantilism and spreading Christianity  Reached the southeast coast of Africa by accident  Led the way for Da Gama who reaches India

 Created by Pope Alexander VI  Controversy arises when Columbus thinks he reaches India  Line of Demarcation drawn to divide Spanish and Portuguese land

 Sailed for Spain  Wanted to explore the newly discovered Pacific Ocean  In 1519 he took five ships and 230 men  Crew ran out of food and many died of disease  Magellan was killed in the Philippines  Crew returned to Spain in 1522 only one ship and 18 men made it back

 Italian sailing for Portugal  Sailed down the coast of South America, which had already been done by Cabral  Claimed new land was not Asia, but a new land  American Continents named after him