History of Cosmetology COSMETOLOGY- the art and science of beautifying and improving the hair, skin and nails.

In The Beginning Archeologists have found evidence that that ancient peoples were practicing haircutting and hairstyling as early as the Ice Age! Ancient people around the world used coloring matter on their hair, skin, and nails and even tattooing! Pigments were made from berries, tree bark, minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, leaves, and other materials. They used animal sinew or hide to tie their hair back and adorn their hair.

The Egyptians Were the first to use beauty as a means of luxury. They used cosmetics for their own beauty, religious ceremonies, and to prepare the dead for burial As early as 3000 BC were using minerals, insects and berries to create makeup for their eyes, lips, and skin. The 1st to use oils from plants and bark to make perfume! Queen Nefertiti (1400 BC) stained her nails red by dipping her fingertips in Henna and wore lavish makeup designs! Queen Cleopatra was the first to build a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea. Lucky girl! They are famous for creating Kohl eyeliner for beauty purposes, it also protected the eyes from the glare of the sun! In both Egypt and Rome, ancient military commanders stained their nails and lips before ancient battles.

The Chinese Developed a recipe for coloring their nails using natural food items! They tinted them crimson and ebony and royals painted them gold and silver. If you were caught wearing the royal colors silver or gold during the Chou Dynasty, it was punishable by death!

The Greeks Kosmetikos – Greek word meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics. Hairstyling was a highly developed art! They wore lavish perfumes and makeup and developed elaborate baths (spas) for beauty treatements. They mixed Vermillion to make bright red pigment that they used on their lips and cheeks, just like today!

The Romans Used facials made of milk, bread, and wine or corn, flour, and milk and even from flour and butter! A mixture of chalk and white lead as a face cosmetic Women used hair color to determine their status in society! Red meant you were a noble woman, blonde meant middle-class and black hair was worn by poor women!

The Middle Ages Begins with the downfall of Rome and ends with the Renaissance around 1450 AD, we find evidence of beauty culture by tapestries, sculptures, and other artifacts. All show towering head dresses, detailed hairstyles and make-up on their cheeks and lips but not their eyes! 1000 AD Persian physician and alchemist Avicenna developed the process of steam distillation to make essential oils and perfumes.

The Renaissance We go from medieval to modern history!! Women and men take great pride in their personal appearance and wore elaborate clothing. Make-up was worn but in moderation: bright colors were frowned upon! Weird practice: Women shaved their eyebrows and hairlines because they thought it made women appear more intelligent!

The Victorian Age Named for the reign of Queen Victoria of England from 1837 to 1901 Dress and appearance dramatically change due to the societal restrictions and modesty of this period Women pinched their cheeks and bit their lips to give color rather than use cosmetics Used beauty packs and masks made of honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits, veggies and other natural ingredients!

History of the Barber Did You Know?? Barbers up until the 19th Century practiced minor surgeries and dentistry! The symbol of the barber, the barber pole, represented the bandages (white), blood (red) and the veins (blue) involved in bloodletting!

The Early 20th Century 1908 Max Faktor emigrates to United States and moves to Los Angeles where he changes his name to Max Factor and begins making and selling makeup. His makeup becomes popular with movies starts because it wouldn’t cake or crack, even under hot studio lights! 1906 Charles Nessler invents a heavily wired machine that supplied electrical current to metal rods and the rods were wrapped with hair in order to make curls! Long hair was wrapped from the scalp to the ends and short hair from the ends to the scalp called Croquignole!

Sarah Breedlove was the daughter of former slaves, orphaned, and went to work in the cotton fields when she was 7 yrs old! 1906 she married her 3rd husband and becomes Madame C.J. Walker and starts to lose her hair due to a scalp condition….. Experiments and creates a home-made remedy called “Madame Walker’s Wonderful Hair Grower”! 1910 she moves her company to Indianapolis where she builds a factory, a hair salon and a training school! She was a pioneer in the modern African-American hair care and cosmetics industry! 1872 Macel Grateau (aka Francois Marcel) invents the 1st curling iron!! Tongs that were heated by a gas burner on the stove!

The 1920’s The cosmetics industry grows rapidly! Magazines at first deem cosmetics improper n refuse to print cosmetic ads! By the end, cosmetics provide one the largest source of advertising revenue! The short bob of the roaring flapper days becomes popular hairstyle among women!

The 1930’s 1931– The pre-heat perm method is introduced. 1932– An alternative to the machine perm is introduced with small flexible pads soaked containing a chemical mixture that would create a reaction when soaked with water. The 1st machineless perm is born!! 1932– 4,000 yrs after first nail coloring is recorded, Revlon puts out the first marketed nail polish with technology borrowed from the automobile paint industry!! Motion-picture sirens make polish popular in silent films, wearing the polish on their nails and toes! 1932– Lawrence Gelb creates the 1st permanent hair color! -- Max Factor creates pancake makeup --Arnold F. Willatt creates the cold wave with no heat or machines!

The 1940’s Scientists develop another method of permanent waving that used waving lotion. Cold waves replace all others–machines and heat! Beauty continues to be important!

1951-2000 Tube mascara, blow-dryers and flat-irons Oh My! 60’s pixie cuts and cat eyes and geometric cuts! 70’s hair weaving highlighting using foil hits the scene and the Farrah wave! 80’s heavy eyeshadows and blush, wild big hair! 1998 CND introduces 1st spa pedicure system!

21st Century Brazillian Keratin Systems Gel Nail Polish Computer Appointment Systems Man-scaping spa’s and salons What will be next??????