Date of download: 6/2/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Effect of Chitosan-N-Acetylcysteine Conjugate in a Mouse Model of Botulinum Toxin B–Induced Dry Eye Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(4): doi: /archophthalmol Spontaneous blink rate (A) and corneal fluorescein staining score (B) after intralacrimal gland botulinum toxin B (BTX-B) injection in mice. Overall blink rate tended to increase at 1 week after injection (P <.001). Only the group treated with artificial tears had a higher blink rate than the control group (*P =.02). No statistically significant differences were detected between the other study groups and the control group at any time. The groups treated with chitosan-N-acetylcysteine conjugate (C-NAC), 0.5%, and fluorometholone tended to have lower staining scores. However, no statistically significant differences were detected between the study groups and the control. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/2/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Effect of Chitosan-N-Acetylcysteine Conjugate in a Mouse Model of Botulinum Toxin B–Induced Dry Eye Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(4): doi: /archophthalmol Ocular surface real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction in mice with botulinum toxin B–induced dry eye. The group treated with chitosan-N-acetylcysteine conjugate (C-NAC), 0.5%, significantly suppressed ocular surface migration-inhibition factor expression compared with the control, artificial tear, and fluorometholone groups. The artificial tear and fluorometholone groups had significantly increased Toll-interacting protein expression compared with the control group. The IL-1β (interleukin 1β) and IL-12α expression in the C-NAC, artificial tear, and fluorometholone groups were significantly less than in the control group. The C- NAC, 0.3%, artifical tear, and fluorometholone groups also demonstrated significantly less IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor α expression compared with the control group. The relative expression levels were calculated by the relative standard curve method, with the control group as 1.00 (n = 8 in each group). mRNA indicates messenger RNA; *P <.05. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/2/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Effect of Chitosan-N-Acetylcysteine Conjugate in a Mouse Model of Botulinum Toxin B–Induced Dry Eye Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(4): doi: /archophthalmol Immunofluorescence staining of conjunctival epithelium with antimacrophage migration-inhibitory factor monoclonal antibody. A, Negative control; B, treated with chitosan-N-acetylcysteine (C-NAC), 0.3%; C, treated with C-NAC, 0.5%; D, control; E, treated with artificial tears; F, treated with fluorometholone. The migration-inhibitory factor expression (green) was suppressed in all groups treated with C-NAC compared with the control and even the fluorometholone group. 4′6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole·2HCl was used as nuclear counter-staining (blue). Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/2/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Effect of Chitosan-N-Acetylcysteine Conjugate in a Mouse Model of Botulinum Toxin B–Induced Dry Eye Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(4): doi: /archophthalmol Immunofluorescence staining of conjunctival epithelium with anti–IL-1β (interleukin-1β) monoclonal antibody. A, Negative control; B, treated with chitosan-N-acetylcysteine (C-NAC), 0.3%; C, treated with C-NAC, 0.5%; D, control; E, treated with artificial tears; F, treated with fluorometholone. The IL-1β expression (green) was decreased in all groups, especially those treated with C-NAC, compared with the control group. 4′6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole·2HCl was used as nuclear counter-staining (blue). Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/2/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Effect of Chitosan-N-Acetylcysteine Conjugate in a Mouse Model of Botulinum Toxin B–Induced Dry Eye Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(4): doi: /archophthalmol Immunofluorescence staining of conjunctival epithelium with anti–tumor necrosis factor α monoclonal antibody. A, Negative control; B, treated with chitosan-N-acetylcysteine (C-NAC), 0.3%; C, treated with C-NAC, 0.5%; D, control; E, treated with artificial tears; F, treated with fluorometholone. Tumor necrosis factor α expression (green) decreased in those treated with C-NAC, 0.5%, and fluorometholone compared with the control group. 4′6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole·2HCl was used as nuclear counter-staining (blue). Figure Legend: