The Scientific Revolution Chapter 14

Key Concept / Course Themes New Ideas in science based on observation, experimentation, and mathematics challenged classical views of the cosmos, nature, and the human body, although folk traditions of knowledge and the universe persisted. OS1 – Account for the persistence of traditional and folk understandings of the cosmos and causation, even with the advent of the Scientific Revolution. OS-5 – Analyze how the development of Renaissance humanism, the printing press and the scientific method contributed to the emergence of a new theory of knowledge and conception of the universe. IS-1Explain the characteristics, practices, and beliefs of traditional communities in preindustrial Europe and how they were challenged by religious reform. Essential Question What were the causes and effects of the Scientific Revolution?

Leave yourself at least 7 lines for notes from this video clip. Galileo Galilei

Ptolemaic Model

The Scientific Revolution science: called “natural philosophy”; “new science” Created a new way of thinking 1.Secular outlook – of this world 2.Rational – reason things out, think about EVERYTHING!!! 3.Use of Reason – humans can figure out laws of nature 4.Progress – get knowledge through progress

Causes 1.Scientist take note of inadequacies of standard theories and began questioning them 2.Interest in what is now known as magic – alchemy and astrology – seen as real science – Believed the world could be understood through several secret truths (Neo-Platonism) – contributed to new ideas & questioned old theories and the use of math 3. European interest in technology – New instruments and devices (printing press, telescope, vacuum pump, thermometer, barometer and microscope), were used making many new discoveries – Interest in technology based on competition and warfare

Effects of the Scientific Revolution Positive Effects Increased knowledge Greater toleration (scientific and religious) Less superstition More scientific answers Freedom to deviate from established theories which increased new developments Negative Effects Loss of innocence Loss of traditional faith Loss of faith in heaven Earth is no longer regarded as the center Skepticism Loss of personal/ caring God

Consequences of the Scientific Revolution Rise of the “Scientific Community” --Royal Society of London (1662) --Academy of Royal Sciences (1666) The modern scientific method A universe ordered according to natural laws Purpose of studying nature changes: – Search for usefulness – Search for human improvement

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) Polish priest & astronomer He Wrote - On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543) challenged Ptolemaic/Aristotelian models of universe with his heliocentric model Not accurate - but made people question past teachings

Tyco Brahe (1546–1601) Danish astronomer rejected Copernican view Suggested that Mercury and Venus revolved around the sun, but that the moon, the sun, and the other planets revolved around the earth.

Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) German astronomer, Brahe’s assistant advocated Copernican view figured out planets move in elliptical, not circular, orbits – The New Astronomy

Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) Italian mathematician & natural philosopher 1 st person to use telescope to look at heavens Found that they were much more complex then suspected articulated concept of a universe governed by mathematical laws

Isaac Newton (1642–1727) discovered laws of gravity— all physical objects in the universe move through mutual attraction (gravity); explained planetary orbits explained gravity mathematically Principia Mathematica (1687)

Today’s Agenda Class Discussion Finish Class Notes: Scientific Revolution Group Work – Natural Philosopher Chart Homework: – Work on chart – Read pgs , Outline or RQ’s 4-7