European Space Agency, version 1.0, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS ESA SSA Programme Plans for Space Weather Missions Presented to CGMS-44 SWTT session, agenda item SWTT/4

European Space Agency, version 1.0, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS ESA SSA SWE Segment Development Mission Objective: Detection and forecasting of Space Weather events and their effects on European space assets and ground based infrastructure Development approach: Leveraging European SWE expertise Networking European SWE assets Advancing SWE service provision based on requirements from SSA customers & stakeholders

European Space Agency, version 1.0, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Networking European SWE Assets SWE Expert Service Centres (ESCs) European expert groups and centres of excellence Sensor systems Sensor systems Data archives SSA SWE Data Centre (Redu) Federated data repositories Data archives SSA SWE Data Centre (Redu) Federated data repositories SSA SWE Coordination Centre User Helpdesk Space Pole, Belgium SSA SWE Coordination Centre User Helpdesk Space Pole, Belgium SWE ESC Network 2015

European Space Agency, version 1.0, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS SWE Data Utilisation Critical space & ground based data required for services & identified within Period 2 activities will be secured through SLAs during Period 3 Utilisation of data from European missions (PROBA-2, Swarm, MetOp,…) will continue & is foreseen to increase (MTG, MetOp-SG,…) Agreements to be pursued ensuring availability of key data from international missions (e.g. GOES, ACE/DSCOVR, GK2A,…) Utilise SWE Data Centre at Redu as hub for data and product search throughout the federated network.

European Space Agency, version 1.0, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS SWE Service Improvement in Medium/Long Term Known limitations in current state-of-the-art service capability: e.g. major geomagnetic storm onset forecast with >24h lead times required by power grid operators. Focussed development: services building on physics-based models where applicable  e.g. heliospheric modelling, ionospheric scintillation  development of required models & tools utilising L5 mission data ESC service benchmarking & validation framework provides an essential element facilitating the adoption of new developments Regular update of SWE Service Roadmaps captures new results showing promise for future service improvement

European Space Agency, version 1.0, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS ESA SSA SWE Approach for Geospace Monitoring Distributed SWE Sensor System (D3S) utilising hosted payloads and SmallSats Coverage: LEO, MEO, GEO, HEO Instrument development in ESA Technology Programmes and SSA Programme Precursors: NGRM/EDRS-C, SOSMAG/GK2A Distributed SWE Sensor System (D3S) utilising hosted payloads and SmallSats Coverage: LEO, MEO, GEO, HEO Instrument development in ESA Technology Programmes and SSA Programme Precursors: NGRM/EDRS-C, SOSMAG/GK2A EDRS-C GK2A

European Space Agency, version 1.0, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Next steps for D3S (P3 & P4 outlook) Auroral imaging Earth Magnetic field monitoring Earth plasma & energetic particle monitoring Multiple sensors Multiple observation positions (Airborne, LEO, MEO, GEO, HEO) Polar orbit 1-2 sensor(s) SOSMAG & NGRM MAGIC, miniature radiation monitor, GNSS receivers,... Dosimetry on aircrafts Auroral camera H/P: EDRS, GK2A, MTG, METOP-SG, ELECTRA,... SWE env. mon. package on CubeSats, H/P, data from European missions Aircraft sensor system MicroSat collaboration or H/P Development needed (mostly radiation hard) GEO LEOLEO Other H/P sensors where opportune (depending on flight opportunities) Operational D3S requires multiple sensors permanently in orbit Monitoring of Earth-Sun interaction (animation used for scaling) Observation al points D3S Sensors D3S System Component

European Space Agency, version 1.0, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS First step towards D3S: Two advanced hosted payload developments Next Generation Radiation Monitor (NGRM) => ARTES 7, EDRS-C 2017 Service Oriented Spacecraft Magnetometer (SOSMAG)  Korean GEO-KOMPSAT-2A 2018

European Space Agency, version 1.0, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Dedicated SSA SWE Space Missions to L-points Solar monitoring data from Sun- Earth line + in-situ data from L1 are mandatory for SWE services L1 L5 Data from L5 can substantially improve SWE forecasting capability Solar corona monitoring Heliospheric imaging Solar disc magnetic field EUV imaging In-situ measurements Data from L5 can substantially improve SWE forecasting capability Solar corona monitoring Heliospheric imaging Solar disc magnetic field EUV imaging In-situ measurements Collaboration and coordination with international partners: ensured continued availability of L1 measurements Implementation of L5 mission Collaboration and coordination with international partners: ensured continued availability of L1 measurements Implementation of L5 mission

European Space Agency, version 1.0, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS L-point in-situ observations L1 in-situL5 in-situ Solar Wind Bulk velocity, density and temperature Velocity: 100 to 2500 km/s Density: 0.1 – 150 cm-3, T: K, 5% abs accuracy Magnetic field Range: ± 256 nT Accuracy: ±1nT (±0.5 nT) Protons 1 MeV – ~500 MeVProtons > 10 MeV (optional) 3 (5) E-channels MeV 5 (10) E-channels 10 MeV-500 MeV, 1 sensor FoV 20 deg half-width (2Pi) Electrons 30 keV to 8 MeV 8 (10) E channels FoV: 30 deg half-width (2Pi) Ions 30 keV/nuc to >1MeV/nucOptional 4(5) energy channels, FoV: 20deg half-width (2 Pi) (Goal values in brackets)

European Space Agency, version 1.0, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS L-point remote sensing observations Sun-Earth line remote sensingL5 remote sensing Optional measurement Solar Disc Magnetic Fields & White Light Imaging Full disk, spatial resolution: 2’’, Dynamic range: ±4 kG Noise: 10 Gauss Solar Coronagraphic Images FoV: 4-20 RS (T); 3-30 RS (G) Spatial resolution: ~ 1 arcmin Solar EUV imaging Full disk Fe XII 195, full disk; Spatial resolution: 5 (2) arcsec/pix Optional measurementHeliospheric Imager 1(2) camera, FoV: 4-30 (90) deg Spatial resolution: 1.5 arcmin/pixel (1.2 and 2.3 arcmin/pixel) Solar X-ray flux Range: 1-8 Angstrom Solar radio-spectrographic (Optional) 2.5 kHz to 16 MHz, better than 5% accuracy (Goal values in brackets)

European Space Agency, version 1.0, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Summary ESA is developing a SWE system and associated services tailored for end users Approach based on federated services networking SWE assets in SSA Participating States SSA SWE space segment planning in 2017 onwards Developing new instruments aimed at operational SWE measurements Geospace monitoring approach with hosted payload missions and potentially dedicated SmallSat missions Ensuring continued availability of critical SWE measurements outside the Earth’s magnetosphere has high priority ESA seeking collaboration with international partners: specific interest in coordinating approaches to development of missions to L1 and L5