Bell Ringer: Full Sheet of Paper! 1. Charles Darwin’s “mechanism” for Evolution was_________________? (hint: “Survival of the Fittest”) 2. Define Adaptation: 3. Define Homologous Structures: 4. Define Speciation: 5. What is an example of Speciation? 6. Write down your 5 Favorite Organisms! Hang on to your Bell Ringer until Later….

Bell Ringer: Full Sheet of Paper! 1. Write down your 8 Favorite Organisms! Hang on to your Bell Ringer until Later….

Joke of the Day: A set of Jumper Cables goes into the bar… Bartender says… “I will serve you but you had better not start anything!!!”

Quiz Alert Who? YOU! When? Next Class What?

Unit 6:Classification of Living Things

All Living Things… Are classified by certain characteristics Are put into categories based on similarities and relationships to other living things Have a certain DOMAIN, KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, and SPECIES that they belong to!

Did you know… …that approximately 1.9 Million species have been Classified so far? …that at least 1 Million of these are insects? …that it is believed that MANY others exist and just haven’t been discovered yet?

The process of arranging something according to shared qualities or characteristics. What does Classification mean?

How do we Classify?  Structural (anatomy and physiology)  Biochemical (enzymes, proteins, DNA)  Cytological (cell structure)  Embryological (growth and development)  Behavioral (patterns of actions)  Fossil (related to other organisms?)

Why should we Classify organisms?

Remember who this is? Lepus arcticus Arctic Hare Snowshoe Hare Polar Rabbit Poolhaas (Dutch) lièvre arctique (French) Scientific Name: Common Names: Is this a problem?

There is Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names

…but Latin Names are Understood by all Scientists

Defining Classification Classification: (Taxonomy) The scientific discipline where scientists “classify” organisms and group them in a logical manner. Based on what….? Anatomical Structure Cell Structure DNA Growth and Development Behavior

History of Taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus: “Father of Taxonomy” In 1735 … Developed the basis for our modern classification system.

Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primata Family Homindae Genus Homo Species Sapien (Most Inclusive) (Least Inclusive) Memory Mneumonic #1 Dumb Dumb Kings Kings Play Play Chess Chess On On Fine Fine Grained Grained Sand Sand Levels of Taxonomy Linnaeus (1735) Remember Robert Hooke (1635) Example: Memory Mneumonic #2 Donkey Donkey Kong Kong Puts Puts Cheese Cheese On On First First Graders Graders Sandwiches Sandwiches

Grizzly bearBlack bearGiant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Section 18-1 Go to Section: Classification of Ursus arctos (Grizzly Bear)

Quick Classification Activity: Get out your Bell Ringer for Today… You already listed your 8 favorite organisms. Next… Quickly separate them into 2 logical groups based upon a characteristic or behavior. Next…Separate those two groups into 4 groups based upon a different characteristic or behavior. Finally…Separate those four groups into the 8 individual species based upon a different characteristic or behavior.

Quick Classification Activity: Labrador Dog Black Bear Rhinoceros Pit Viper Cougar Bald Eagle Great White Shark Honey Badger Covered in Hair Cougar Labrador Dog Black Bear Honey Badger No Hair Bald Eagle Rhinoceros Pit Viper Great White Shark ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ???

Scientific Naming Binomial Nomenclature: A two-word naming system Why? To eliminate the confusion that arises when people use common names

How? –Latin –Two Names: Genus and species –Always written in italics. –Genus is capitalized –Species is lower cased First Name Second Name Genus species Example: Lepus arcticus Other Examples: Ursus arctos (Grizzly Bear) Ursus maritimus (Polar Bear) Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Panda Bear) Scientific Naming

Which TWO are more closely related? Scientific Naming

got-screwed-when.html Here are some animals that got screwed when they were handing out Scientific Names! Bison bison Chinchilla chinchilla Iguana iguana Mephitis mephitis Rattus rattus Ghecko ghecko Lynx lynx Gorilla gorlla Mops mops

Grizzly bearBlack bearGiant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Section 18-1 Go to Section: Classification of Ursus arctos (Grizzly Bear) Do Ursus arctos and Ursus maritimus belong to the same species?

SCIENTIFIC NAMING PRACTICE: WRITE YOUR NAME USING BIONOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Mcfarlandus scotticus My Scientific Name is…. Sounds Latin? Two words? Genus and species? Genus is capitalized? Entire scientific name is italicized?

What do you do if you think you have discovered a New Species?

Collect a specimen! Run a Dichotomous Key

Dichotomous Key (Biological Key)  Tool used by biologists to identify an unknown organism  Series of paired statements of anatomical description that leads to an identification.

Dichotomous Key Step 1 If fish shape is long and skinny then go to step 2 If fish shape is not long and skinny, then go to step 3 Step 2 If fish has pointed fins, it is a trumpet fish If fish has smooth fins, it is a spotted moray eel Step 3 If fish has both eyes on top of the head, then go to step 4 If fish has one eye on each side of the head, then go to step 5 Step 4 If fish has long whip-like tail, it is a spotted eagle ray If fish has short, blunt tail, it is a peacock flounder Step 5 If fish has spots, then go to step 6 If fish does not have spots, then go to step 7 Step 6 If fish has chin "whiskers," it is a spotted goat fish If fish does not have chin "whiskers," it is a band-tail puffer Step 7 If fish has stripes, then go to step 8 If fish does not have stripes, it is a glassy sweeper Step 8 If fish has a v-shaped tail, it is a squirrel fish If fish has a blunt tail, it is a glass-eye snapper Always start here!

What bird am I ?

 Bird W is Geospiza  Bird X is Platyspiza  Bird Y is Certhidea  Bird Z is Camarhynchus

Key for Vertebrate Identification  1. a) animal has a spine…………………..go to 2 b) animal has no spine………..…invertebrate 2. a) animal has no gills and fins……..…. go to 3 b) animal has gills and fins…………….. Fish 3. a) animal has no scales………… go to 4 b) animal has scales………………..….reptile 4. a) animal has feathers …………………..bird b) animal has no feathers ……………..go to 5 5. a) animal has hair…………………….mammal b) animal has no hair………………..amphibian What am I ???

Bell Ringer: Can’t use notes today 1.What is the scientific discipline where scientists classify organisms and group them in a logical manner? 2.Who was the “Father of Taxonomy”? 3.List the levels of Taxonomy from Most General to Most Specific. 4.What is a tool to help identify unfamiliar organisms by going through a series of choices that leads the user to the correct name of the species?

Bell Ringer: 1.Pull out your Unit 3 Notes 2.Identify all of the Bell Ringer Questions that we have had this unit. 3.Study those specific parts of the notes. Have a Happy Thanksgiving!!!