English Pronunciation

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Unit 2 No one knew who I was.
Advertisements

The people Look for some people. Write it down. By the water
Unit 6 Cities of the World Lesson 21. New words phone call sb.
Simple Past, Past continuous and Past perfect tense
GRAMMAR: QUESTION TAGS
Verb and Verb Phrase (V)
1 English Pronunciation for Communication A Practical Course for Students of English By Wang Guizhen Faculty of English Language & Culture Guangdong University.
Pitch 4 extra High 3 High na 2 Normal ____________imagi 1 Low tion
Unit 13 Types of Intonation in English
1 English Pronunciation for Communication A Practical Course for Students of English By Wang Guizhen Faculty of English Language & Culture Guangdong University.
Margarita Vinagre Department of English Studies UAM
INTONATION Chapters 15 & 16.
Varied, Vivid Expressive How can you use your voice to engage, express, and create meaning?
Intonation English Phonetics and Phonology Lesson 6A.
INTONATION 2 Chapter 16. What is an intonation language? It is a language in which substituting one distinctive tone for another on a particular word.
Chapter 1 Jim Hawkins’ Story I
Second Grade English High Frequency Words
FUNCTIONS OF INTONATION
Reported Speech Roll No Presented By:- Class: Ixth “A”
主办 北京外国语大学 北京外国语大学网络教育学院 外语教学与研究出版社 语音课讲座 语音课讲座 在线直播:
ESP COURSE ( English for Specific Purposes) for Class Teachers (3-4, 5-6) Vera Savic, MA Lecturer in English Faculty of Education in Jagodina University.
Classroom English Jeff Wang Jeff Wang Yueyang Radio and Television University.
How conversation works Conversational English Compiled by Victor Nickolz Grand Lyceum 2004 For classes 7-11.
Intonation Part 2.
Unit 15 Functions & Uses of English Intonation
LINGUA INGLESE 1 modulo B Introduction to English Linguistics prof. Hugo Bowles Lesson 8 Stress + Intonation 1.
FUNCTIONS OF INTONATION
Sight words.
1 English Pronunciation for Communication Intonation in Communication WANG GUIZHEN English Faculty Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.
listening David: What’s it like living in England, Terry? Terry: well, I’m having a great time. But I sometimes have difficulty understanding what people.
English Pronunciation Practice Intonation in Communication
Direct speech Indirect speech Present simple She said, "It's cold." › Past simple She said it was cold. Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching English.
Pitch Ladefoged, p. 23) Pitch refers to the rate of vibration of the vocal cords. The higher the vibration, the higher the pitch. Thus sounds are said.
INTONATION (Chapter 17).
Types of questions.
English Pronunciation for Communication
Sight Words.
Lecture 7 Intonation 2 Lec. Maha Alwasidi.
1 Core English 1 Listening Task – p 158 Rhetorical Function Questions.
Chapter Fifteen 第十五章 Falling Tune 降调 Time: Three Periods.
Intonation Lecture 11.
LINGUA INGLESE 1 modulo A/B Introduction to English Linguistics prof. Hugo Bowles Lesson 17 Intonation.
英语语音基础 1. Who are you? 2. Who am I? 3. What do you have to be ready with? 4. How to Improve Your English Pronunciation.
INTONATION Islam M. Abu Khater.
Stringing words together.  Connected speech is spoken language that is used in a continuous sequence, as in normal conversations. Also called connected.
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES  complex clauses: main clause + subordinate clause  main clause: can stand on its own  subordinate clause: starts with the conjunction;
Functions of Intonation By Cristina Koch. Intonation “Intonation is the melody or music of a language. It refers to the way the voice rises and falls.
English Pronunciation
LEARNING UNIT 7 (Week 11) Making A Business Telephone Call ENGLISH FOR PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH. BY MISS WAREE ARDKAMON B.BD. 3.4 ID.NO
Welcome- Voice OFF Fingerspelling Find partner fingerspell 10 names Practice fingerspelling the name back to them when you understand it. # Start practicing.
Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained Task : Conducting a survey 牛津版 高一 Module 2.
Unit 10 Strong forms & weak forms. Strong forms & Weak forms Strong forms: stressed forms Strong forms: stressed forms Weak forms: unstressed forms (schwa.
Simple Past, Past continuous and Past perfect
INTONATION And IT’S FUNCTIONS
The Functions of Intonation
INTONATION Margarita Vinagre Department of English Studies UAM.
The Functions of Intonation Shane Lee Ward. THE GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION OF INTONATION 0 Can mark “grammatical contrasts, such as chunking into clauses and.
INTONATION Margarita Vinagre Department of English Studies UAM.
Prosody and Non- Verbal Communication
SUPRASEGMENTAL PHONEME
Intonation and Speaking Styles
Identifies different intonation patterns and uses of word stress.
Functions of intonation 1
Kuiper and Allan Chapter 6.2
INTONATION in spoken English by Ruth Wickham, Training Fellow, IPGKDRI.
English Phonetics and Phonology Week 8
Kuiper and Allan Chapter 6.2
Stress and Intonation in spoken English.
Intonation.
Presentation transcript:

English Pronunciation Intonation

NO.1 Intonation NO.2 Pitch NO.3 Tone NO.4 Tone unit and stress NO.5 Exercises NO.6 Differences between BrE and AmE in intonation

1. What is intonation? Intonation is often called the melody of language since it refers to the pattern of pitch changes that we use when we speak. Pitch changes on stressed syllables determine the intonation patterns of an utterance Intonation is a combination of stress and pitch variations. a continuous piece of speech beginning and ending with a clear pause

2. What is pitch? The word pitch is often used to describe the relative highness and lowness of the voice. Every individual has a level of pitch which is normal, and which we can recognize as his/her middle pitch level.

Pitch tracks Shown below are the pitch tracks corresponding to three English utterances of the word "beans". Each has a different intonation pattern...and the function of each utterance is quite different.

Beans (declarative)

Beans? (yes/no question)

BEANS?!

Pitch range 3=high ̶––––––––––––––––––––––––– 2=mid ------------ normal pitch range 1=low ––––––––––––––––––––––––– In ordinary speech, we usually keep within the normal part of our pitch range.

If we want to express stronger feelings: 4=extra-high ------------------------------- 3=high ̶––––––––––––––––––––––––– 2=mid ------------ normal pitch range 1=low –––––––––––––––––––––––––– 0=extra-low ---------------------------------

3. Tone The overall behavior of the pitch in an utterance is tone.

Tone (声调) in Chinese

Tone language In Chinese, the height of pitch and change of pitch is associated with the pronunciation of syllables or words which affects the meaning of the word. In Chinese, tone is a morphemic or lexical feature.

Tone (语调) in English Level yes no Fall yes no Rise yes no Fall-Rise yes no Rise-Fall yes no

Each of these may express particular attitudes: Fall: neutral statement Rise: neutral question, doubt Fall-Rise: scepticism Rise-Fall: emphatic statement Level: boredom, disinterest

Fall: neutral statement, conclusion - Have you see Ann? - Yes. Falling intonation indicates ‘I have answered your question and do not intend to add anything else’.

Rise: questioning, doubt, desire to continue conversation -Have you seen Ann lately? - Yes… Rising intonation indicates ‘I want to continue the conversation, I am curious’. More …

Rise-Fall: emphatic statement, irritation, command - Do I really have to clean my room? - Yes! Strong feelings of approval, disapproval, or surprise. More …

Fall-Rise: surprise, scepticism - Ann and Peter were on good terms at the party? - Yes. Limited agreement, response with reservations. More …

Level: boredom, lack of interest - Can you remember Peter Jackson, the cost consultant for our company in Taiwan? The other day in the office I invited him for dinner, he’ll be coming tomorrow. - Yes.

Intonation language The five tones found on English one-syllable utterances show a difference between each other, but there is not a difference in meaning in a clear-cut way as in Chinese. In English, a change of pitch affects the meaning and function of utterances in discourse. large units of language such paragraphs, conversations, and interview.

4. Tone Unit and Stress For analyzing intonation, we need a unit which is greater in size than the syllables, and this unit is called the tone unit. In its smallest form, the tone unit may consist of only one syllable.

Tonic syllable you is it you The third syllable is more prominent than the other two and carries a rising tone. It’s an utterance of three syllables, consisting of one tone unit. A syllable which carries a tone will be called a tonic syllable.

The structure of the tone unit (pre-head) (head) tonic syllable (tail) (PH) (H) TS (T) pre-tonic tonic segment segment

We shall begin by considering the fall: here is a tone unit solely composed of a tonic syllable.

Things become more complicated when we add syllables.

In this case there are no stressed syllables before the tonic: ‘I said’ is the pre-head.

Here we have added a stressed syllable, ‘told’, before the tonic, which is called the head. Notice how the intonation rises from the pre-head.

Here we have added syllables after the tonic, this is called the tail Here we have added syllables after the tonic, this is called the tail. Note how it tends to follow the intonation pattern of the tonic.

This is obviously not the only possible realisation of this sentence This is obviously not the only possible realisation of this sentence. If we put the main stress on ‘told’, it changes the pattern completely.

In a similar way a rising tonic syllable will condition its tail: here ‘when’ is the tonic syllable.

Again when we come to complex tone we find the tail following the tonic syllable: for a fall-rise the fall occurs on the tonic and the rise at the end of the tail.

No matter how many syllables there are in the tail, the rise finishes on the last

Listen and repeat: falling intonation It’s MINE. It was NINE O’CLOCK. I was in LONDON ON SUNDAY. He’s STUDING FRENCH. She was GOING AWAY. We’ll GO for a WALK. He WANTS some BEEF. I’m afraid I CAN’T. START doing it NOW. COME to the BLACKBOARD.

Listen and repeat: The Use of Falling Intonation Words Statements Special questions Exclamations Commands

Listen and repeat: rising intonation Are you HUNGERY? Are they NEW here? Would you LIKE some? Can I SIT here? Are they COMING? Were they LATE last NIGHT? Do you WORK for the NEWS? Do you WORK in the EVENING? Did he TALK to you ABOUT it? Did I HEAR you CORRECTY?

Listen and repeat: The Use of rising Intonation Words General questions Requests, remarks of concern and apology Statements with an implication Greetings

Questions and Responses Falling Tone Questions and Responses -- What would you like? -- I'd like a chicken-salad sandwich. -- What will you have? -- I'll have a hotdog and a coke. -- Where are you going? -- To the lab. -- What time is it? -- It's a quarter past four. -- Where's your lab book? -- I lost it. -- Where did you leave it? -- I don't remember. Exercises

Questions and Responses Falling Tone Questions and Responses -- What would you like? -- I'd like a chicken-salad ↘ sandwich. -- What will you ↘ have? -- I'll have a hotdog and a ↘ coke. -- Where are you ↘ going? -- To the ↘ lab. -- What ↘ time is it? -- It's a quarter past ↘ four. -- Where's your ↘ lab book? -- I ↘ lost it. -- Where did you ↘ leave it? -- I don't re ↘ member. Exercises

Yes/No Questions and Responses Rising Tone Yes/No Questions and Responses Are you coming later? If I can. May I help you? Yes, I'll have a hotdog. Is it cold outside? It's very cold. Shall I wait for you? No, you go ahead. Did he bring his money? No, he forgot it. Exercises

Yes/No Questions and Responses Rising Tone Yes/No Questions and Responses Are you coming later? If I ↘ can. May I ↗help you? Yes, I'll have a ↘ hotdog. Is it cold ↗outside? It's ↘ very cold. Shall I ↗wait for you? No, you go a ↘ head. Did he bring his ↗money? No, he for ↘ got it. Exercises

Listen and repeat: Falling-rising intonation THAT’S GOOD. It’s BEAUTIFUL. TRY it. PLEASE. USUALLY. He USED to. We’ll WAIT. We’ll WAIT for TOM. I said NOW. They’d ARRIVED.

Questions/Statements and Responses Fall-rise Tone Questions/Statements and Responses -- Do you know German? -- I can read it. --Everyone knows about it. -- Well, not everyone. -- We got there about midnight. -- I think it was earlier than that. -- Nobody wants to buy them. -- Nobody can afford to buy them. -- Are you sure he's coming tonight? -- He said so. Exercises

Questions/Statements and Responses Fall-rise Tone Questions/Statements and Responses -- Do you know ↗German? -- I can ↘↗read it. --Everyone knows a ↘ bout it. -- Well, ↘ not ↗everyone. -- We got there about ↘ midnight. -- I think it was ↘ earlier than ↗that. -- Nobody wants to ↘ buy them. -- Nobody can af ↘ ford to ↗buy them. -- Are you sure he's coming to ↘ night? -- He ↘ said ↗so. Exercises

Listen and repeat: Combined Intonation The intonation of Simple Sentences The intonation of Compound Sentences The Intonation of Complex Sentences

Listen and repeat: The intonation of Question-tags The intonation of Vocatives The Intonation of Parentheses The Intonation of Reporting Phrases

Differences between BrE and AmE in intonation Americans speaks more slowly and with less variety of tone. In American speech a falling intonation in a succession of stressed syllables appears to be common. This usually denotes emphasis in BrE. The tone of a sentence in AmE is like battlements or waves while in BrE, descending stairs or a slope. a surface that is at an angle, so that one end is higher than the other斜坡 a rampart built around the top of a castle with regular gaps for firing arrows or guns 城垛

*For more information, read 侯维瑞主编,1992,《英国英语与美国英语》,上海:上海外语教育出版社。(本书“对比研究”章节的“语音语调差异”部分。)

Conclusion Just as grammatical exercises can be a preparation for language use in natural discourse, practicing intonation patterns can help sensitize us to the discourse function of intonation. .

The End

Review Intonation

The Value of Science A rich man, it is said, once asked a learned man why it was that men of science were so often to be seen at the doors of the rich, though rich men were very rarely seen at the doors of the learned. “It is,” replied the scholar, “because the man of science knows the value of riches, and the rich man does not always know the value of science.”

Rise A: You start off on the right road… B: Yes. A: turn left at the first roundabout… A: and ours is the third house on the left.

Rise-fall A: You wouldn’t do an awful thing like that, would you? B: No. A: I think you said it was the best so far. B: Yes.

Fall-rise A: I’ve heard that it’s a good school. B: yes A: It’s not really an expensive book, is it? B: No.