Cold War Heats UP -Creation of Israel -Korean War -Arms Race -Space Race

Creation of Israel Two people, cultures, and ideas

Israelian/Palestinian Conflict

History of Palestine (Israel)  Birthplace of 3 religions It is where:  Abraham settles: Judaism  Jesus is born and dies : Christianity  Mohammad journeyed to heaven : Islam (Muslim)

Creation of Israel  Later mainly Arabs (Muslims) occupied Palestine  Early 1800s Jews begin returning to Palestine  Britain gains control of Palestine after WWI. (1920) Britain establishes Palestine as a homeland for Jews.  Arabs are not happy, fighting begins. Britain asks the United Nations to help with the situation. (1947)

Creation of Israel  U.N. partitioned Palestine into 2 ethnic groups: Jewish and Arab. (1947) Jews accept the plan, Arabs do not!  Jewish leaders declare Israel an Independent state. (1948)  Fighting has continued throughout today!

Change through the Years 

Israel and Palestine

Crash Course

Korean War

When the Cold War became a global conflict.  In 1945, Korea was freed from the Japanese.  The country was split at the 38 th parallel.  NORTH KOREA: led by Kim Il Sung, was communist.  SOUTH KOREA: led by Syngman Rhee, was capitalist.  The two countries hated each other.

What caused it?  1. Truman was interested in the Far East: Domino Theory:  Europe was not the only place where communists were coming to power. In the Far East the communists were gaining power. China turned in  Truman believed that if one country fell to communism, others would follow.  He worried that if Korea fell, the communists would capture Japan.

Cold War Politics  Truman realized the USA was in a competition for world domination with the USSR.  By supporting South Korea, America was able to fight communism without directly attacking Russia.

Stalin  2. Stalin, also, was involved in the Far East. Kim Il Sung visited Stalin. In 1949, he persuaded Stalin he could conquer South Korea. Stalin did not think America would dare get involved, so he agreed.

South Korea Brags  3. In 1950, Syngman Rhee boasted of his plan to attack North Korea. It was a good enough excuse for the North Koreans to invade South Korea. This started the Korean War.

Events of the War JUNE-SEPT 1950  On June 25, 1950: North Koreans successfully attacked & easily defeated the Republic of Korea.  They captured most of the South.  June 27, 1950: US persuades the UN to pass a resolution supporting ROK  The Americans send troops to Pusan.

SEPT-NOV 1950  September 15 th : General MacArthur leads UN landing at Inchon. Of 300,000 UN troops, 260,000 were Americans. The NKPA retreated and the Americans recaptured South Korea. 125,000 NKPA prisoners were taken.  October 7 th : MacArthur invades North Korea & advances as far as the Chinese border.

NOV 1950-FEB 1951  On November 25 th, 200,000 Chinese troops attacked MacArthur.  On December 31 st, half a million more Chinese troops entered the war – “human wave” tactics. They recaptured North Korea & advanced into South Korea.

FEB-MARCH 1951  America sends more troops. Bombing began. China admits to 390,000 casualties; UN figures place the numbers at 1 million Chinese dead and 500,000 North Koreans lost.  America succeeds in driving China back, but loses 54,000 soldiers in the process.  MacArthur reaches the 38 th parallel in March of 1951.

MARCH  Truman orders MacArthur to stop.  After publicly criticizing the president, MacArthur is fired.  In 1953, Eisenhower is the new US president and threatens atomic warfare &  Chinese agree to a truce, signed on July 27,  It is estimated that 10 million lives were lost in Korea.

Where Now? Cold War Heats Up! Part Two

New Communist Leaders  Russia Nikita Khrushchev Led  China Mao Zedong Led  Cuba Fidel Castro Led  North Korea Kim Il-sung Led  North Vietnam Ho Chi Mihn Led

The Arms Race  A race to obtain the most destructive weapons.  The Beginning U.S. has/uses the atomic bomb. (1945) Soviet Union has an atomic bomb. (1949)  The Next Weapon U.S. has the hydrogen bomb. (1952) Soviet Union has a hydrogen bomb. (1955)  Who’s next?  What’s next?

Duck and Cover

Fallout Shelter

Space Race  The race to lead in space exploration.  The Beginning Soviet Union launches the first satellite, Sputnik. (1957) U.S. launches a satellite, Explorer. (1958)  Humans in Space Soviet Union puts a man in space. (1961) U.S. puts a man in space. (1961 – 4 months later)  Who’s next?  What’s next?

Space Race

Bond, James Bond  Soviet spies steal plans for the H-bomb.  The spying and stealing of information continues.  U-2 Incident U.S. and Soviets to meet face-to-face to talk. Soviets shoot down a U.S. U-2 spy plane over the Soviet Union. Eisenhower denies the plane was spying. Khrushchev demands an apology and Eisenhower won’t apologize. The talks collapse!

Berlin Wall  August 13, 1961  Wall is built to enclose West Berlin. Includes guard towers, trenches, etc. Known as the “death strip”  East Germans say… Built to protect against fascist beliefs (Americans) preventing the creation of a socialist state.

Berlin Wall

Fall of Berlin Wall

Allies  Central Intelligence agency (CIA) Iran: CIA helps overthrow a leader who might have had Soviets as an ally. Guatemala: CIA trained an army to overthrow a communist president.  Suez Canal: connects Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea Owned by Britain and France Egypt has ties to Soviet Union. U.S. and Britain stop aid to Egypt. Egypt takes over the canal. France, Britain, and Israel invade Egypt. U.N. imposes a cease fire.