Status of Electric Vehicles in Ireland Edinburgh Napier University Electric Vehicle Event Oct 28 th 2015 Senan McGrath CTO ESB eCars Chair Eurelectric Electromobility WG

2 esb.ie European Drivers of Energy Transformation Fuel Security ●Oil accounts for 94% of EU transport and 84 % is imported ●€1 Billion per day (2.5% of EU GDP) ●Fluctuation costs EU drivers and industry and increases uncertainty ●Political issues in producing regions Environmental Factors ●2011 EC Transport White Paper –Halve use of conventionally fuelled vehicles in European cities by 2030 and phase them out by essentially CO 2 free urban logistics by 2030 ●Climate Change GHG reduction targets ●-30% CO 2 on 2005 agreed at EU Level ●Air Quality Issues (due to transport) significant in many EU cities

3 esb.ie Ireland Transport CO 2 Emissions

4 esb.ie ESB ecars Public Infrastructure Network * Excludes domestic & commercial CPs ROI ●832 AC ●75 Rapid NI ●320 AC ●17 Rapid

5 esb.ie Experience with EV charging infrastructure +79% Rapid Charge Points DC – CHAdeMO 50kW DC/AC – CCS 50kW Fast AC – 44kW

6 esb.ie Experience with EV charging infrastructure +79% Public AC Charge Points ●Majority 22kW double socket (three-phase 32 amps) ●RFID card reader ●GPRS communications with back office ●Internal MID metering

7 esb.ie Key capabilities Core capabilities required to deliver EV charging CP Owner or Provider CP Operator EMSP ●Capex ●Host negotiation ●Government grants ●Knowledge of Charge Points ●Power networks expertise ●Commercial negotiations ●SLAs ●O&M ●CPMS ●Telecoms (ICT) ●Knowledge of business processes ●Customer service ●SLA management ●Billing capability ●Metering capability ●Smart grid interface  Network management  Smart charging ●Customer services and operations ●Digital assets & skills to enhance user experience ●Data (charging behaviour) ●Sales and marketing ●Pricing/tariffs ●Regulation Owns &/or installs Operates, controls & maintains charging station networks (public, semi-private, inc. home) Meeting Driver Needs

8 esb.ie OCPPOCPP ESB ecars Overview ITBackend CP Owner CP Operator EMSP Migration underway to next generation CPMS

9 esb.ie Free to Use Pay to Use Need to move to put operation on a business footing Should payment be by Subscription, Event, Energy or Time based (or mixed)? Concluded that Best Long term option is to provide multiple “Payment Plans” to suit differing needs of different customer groups Despite only small number of EVs - experienced queueing at Rapid Chargers Decision to start with one payment plan and phase in its introduction This will be based on Monthly subscription plus time based charge for using Rapid Chargers (free access, event or energy based does not solve queueing) Phase in Process (18 month probably) 1.Start with new customers in Republic of Ireland 2.Existing customers in Republic of Ireland 3.Customers in Northern Ireland 4.Time payment (possibly) for AC Chargers / Multiple payment plans Monitor usage and Customer & Stakeholder sentiment May be different from what we think now

10 esb.ie European Passenger Car Sales 2014 Footer

11 esb.ie Innovation Forum Dec 07 Annual New & Used Car First Time Registrations Ireland Jun 08 Dec 08 Jun 09 Dec 09 Jun 10 Dec 10 Jun 11 Dec 11 Jun 12 Dec 12 Jun 13 Dec 13 Jun 14 Dec 14 Jun 15 Sept 15 Used & New Cars New Cars

12 esb.ie EVs (1340) Registered in Ireland Sept 2015 Footer

13 esb.ie Irish Car Market by Segment 2015 (Aug) - 116,328 Micro, 3.6% Mini, 18.5% Small, 32.5% Medium, 14.2% Large/ Luxury, 3.3% Sports, 1.1% Jeep/ SUV/ MPV, 26.9% Micro Mini Small Medium Large/ Luxury Sports Jeep/ SUV/ MPV 0.0%5.0%10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%30.0%35.0% 79 Models Qashqai (3951) Hyundai iX35 (3295) Outlander PHEV (35) Porsche Cayenne PHEV (6) 13 Models VWScirocco(160) BMW i8 PHEV (8) 18 Models BMW 5 Series (1432) Audi A6 (1107) Tesla Model S (5) Mercedes S PHEV (1) 31 Models VW Passat Saloon (2938) Ford Mondeo (2245) Volvo V60 PHEV (1) 41 Models VW Golf (5160) Ford Focus (4068) BMW i3 (26) VW e-Golf (5) Audi A3eTronPHEV (8) 14 Models Hyundai i10 (1470) Nissan Leaf (380) Toyota Aygo (378) Renault Zoe (30) 14 Models Hyundai i10 (1470) Nissan Leaf (380) Toyota Aygo (378) Renault Zoe (30) 32 Models Ford Fiesta (3257) Toyota Yaris (2656) Toyota Prius PHEV (1) - Only as used import 32 Models Ford Fiesta (3257) Toyota Yaris (2656) Toyota Prius PHEV (1) - Only as used import

14 esb.ie USA - EV sales rate faster than Hybrids 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, , , , , ,000 80,000 60,000 45,000 20, Monthly Sales (dotted lines) Cumulative Sales (solid lines) PEV HEV PEV cumulative HEV cumulative The rate of PEV market growthin its first 34 monthssuperimposed on the rate of HEV market growth during its first 34 months NOTE: HEV = hybrid electric vehicle; PEV = plug-in electric vehicle. SOURCE: US DOE (2014)

15 esb.ie USA - Policy Incentives (& other factors) are linked to EV uptake ● Leading EV-adoption cities tend to have diverse mix of financialsuport and promotion actions to increase awareness, extensive charging infrastructure, high EV model availability Preliminary results: 2014 EV Share data from HIS Automotive

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