Life in Scotland with a 2015 EV By Douglas Robertson BSc Chair EV Association Scotland (EVAS)

Who are EVAS? We are a self-funding non-political group of approx. 400 members whose main aim is the promotion of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in Scotland Members own or wish to own a wide variety of different EVs (Pure EVs or BEVs like Leafs, Zoes, i3s, a few Teslas, & PHEVs like Outlanders & Amperas) Our members have driven around 5-6M EV miles This experience & knowledge is used to provide the Scottish Govt. with valuable feedback on EV matters to help inform the EV debate in Scotland and Scottish Govt. EV policies

Background Retired Mechanical Engineer Last position – 10 years as Project Engineer on “ULTra” automatic battery-powered vehicles installed at T5 Heathrow between

2 “ULTra” vehicles under test at T5 2009

“ULTra” vehicle in original 2010 Heathrow Colours in Depot

How smooth silent and simple the electric Drive Train is How simple and low-cost EVs are to run and maintain How to overcome the battery pack range limitations by high current “opportunity charging” whilst a vehicle is at a station berth awaiting passengers (22/7 operation with a vehicle battery range of only 13-15km.) Effectively How IMPORTANT RAPID CHARGING IS FOR EVs Personal Lessons learnt working on “ULTra”

Our family’s EV Experience? We leased our first BEV (Battery-Operated Electric Vehicle) a Gen.2 Leaf Acenta in July 2013 and drove it 28k+ miles in 26 months at a total cost per mile of 49p. On 2 Oct we changed the lease to a Gen.2 Leaf Tekna model which over 12k miles per year in the next 2 years will cost us around 25p. per mile (saving £7k over the Fabia or Golf cost) What are the other EV benefits ? Our previous car (Fabia 1.4TDI) cost 54p. per mile which is roughly the same cost per mile for a Golf TDI of the same spec. as the Leaf So BEVs are very cheap to own & run and can be a family’s sole car in 2015 This 2 year Lease Deal may not be available now

Other benefits of driving an EV ? EVs are great fun to drive because they are so smooth (no gears) with instant max. acceleration 90% of Fueling can be done at night at home at low tariff rates – no more smelly hands from fossil fuels The Scottish Public Rapid Charging Infrastructure (50kW units) has grown in the past 2-3 years from around 10 rapid units in 2013 to around 100 in Oct Destination Public Chargers (7kW and 22kW units) are now much more widespread (perhaps about 600 units) capable of charging a car in 1 to 3 hours Rural communities who have seen a 75% drop in the number of petrol stations in recent years can benefit greatly from “Home- Charging” Disabled people find “Home- Charging” easier than using a petrol station Easy safe overtaking & joining other traffic Off-peak electricity use helps Grid-balancing Time to go to the cinema/theatre or have a business meeting 30 min. to charge the car or enough time for a coffee

More Reasons to Chose an EV Air Quality / Public Health EVs do not emit Nox gases which cause poor air quality and health issues like heart and lung diseases and asma as diesel engines do Neil Bowerman a Climate Change Researcher at Oxford Uni. estimates the Nox extra gas emissions from the 11M VW engines concerned equates to the total UK emissions from all the fossil-fuel power stations and transport over the period (Interview on Al Jazeera TV 23 Sept. ‘15) Axel Friedrich, Ex-Head of Transport in Germany, also stated that Nox gas transport emissions kill 400,000 people per year in the EU (same interview) VW has set aside Euros 6.5B to fix affected cars US Govt. may fine VW more than $18B for installing test-cheating software A Friends of the Earth report in Jan. ‘15 claimed that in Scotland alone 2000 deaths per year can be blamed on transport Nox emissions costing £2B to the Scottish NHS VW Dieselgate? Neil Bowerman claimed that 90% of diesel cars in the EU do NOT meet the EU Test figures in REAL-World Testing

More Reasons to Chose an EV Climate Change EVs emit less Co2 than all other cars Using an average UK grid figure of 445gm./kWhr with a UK Govt. vehicle occupancy figure of 1.5 PAX then a BEV like the Leaf managing 6.76km. per kWhr emits A certain manufacturer claims their PHEV has a tail-pipe figure of 44 gm./km. or The same manufacturer claims 148MPG for their car when the real-world figure is around 50MPG and this results in a Co2 figure of 126 gm./PAX-km. (calculated from RAV4 Auto 2lit. Petrol on a limited EV cycle) What’s the main difference between a BEV (Battery-Operated Electric Vehicle) and a PHEV (Plug-In Hybrid EV)? - Co2 emissions! At the tail-pipe so what are the actual figures? Using the Ecotricity grid figure of 200gm./kWhr gives 34% better than a BEV like the Leaf – REALLY ?? 44 gm./PAX-km. of Co2 20 gm./PAX-km. 29 gm./PAX-km. of Co2 3 Times worse than a Leaf !!

Summary Would we recommend a BEV as a sole family car in Scotland in 2015? Most Certainly Our Leafs are /have been the easiest-to-drive, lowest-cost and smoothest cars we have ever had (incl. Audis, Rovers, BMWs, Skodas) If your family needs a smooth safe and stable car that is fun to drive and can now travel virtually anywhere in the UK? Then a BEV is a wonderful eco-friendly & low-cost choice Trip Planning is STILL very important to ensure you can charge either en route or at your destination EVAS members have created their own charger map (updated by Members) which is available to our Members

Thank you for listening Any Questions?