1. Urbanization is the growth of the city, the process in which people migrate from a rural (agricultural area) to an urban (city) area Immigrants = working in factories Industrial growth (railroads)

2. Characteristics that describe Rise to World Power Era a.Imperialism/ Expansionism: Manifest Destiny b. Spanish- American War: Territorial Possessions c. Construction of the Panama Canal d. Military: Bases, expansion of the Navy e. Economic Desire: More markets to trade f. Anglo-Saxonism

3. Effect of nativist/nativism in the U.S. during the early 1900s a. Anti-immigrant movement in the U.S., Immigration restrictions begin to limit ethnic populations (Ex: Chinese Exclusion Act, Quota Acts) b. Labor unions also against immigrants because immigrants worked for lower wages which defeated the cause of labor unions for better pay/ working conditions

4. Issues that Labor Unions fought to rectify a. Better Working Conditions b. Better Wages c. Businesses having advantages over labor d. Regulating Child Labor

5. Characteristics of the Spanish American War a. Fought in 1898 b. Yellow Journalism (supported Cuban Independence) c. Treaty of Paris 1898 = U.S. acquires Guam, Puerto Rico, and pays $20 million to Spain for the Philippines. Cuba becomes independent and the U.S. becomes a World Power d. Military bases in Asia, expanded American markets in Asia for trade

6. Jim Crow Laws a. In order to keep former slaves in a slave-like state, and to legally enforce segregation in the South.

7. Plessy and Ferguson is a landmark case because a. The Supreme court established that segregation is legal in the U.S. b. “Separate but Equal is LEGAL”

8. Characteristics of the Panama Canal are - Opened in located in Panama - Reduced the cost and time of travel/ shipping goods/ military travel.

W.E.B. DuBois = Harvard grad, founder of the NAACP, Activist for Voting Rights Booker T. Washington = former slave, found Tuskegee Institute, Believed in Economic Independence for African Americans. -Both = Civil Rights Activists for African Americans

10. Yellow Journalism is when Newspapers published often false stories about the Spaniards, making Americans believe that they were needed to help the Cubans. It also blamed the Spanish for the explosion of the Maine “Remember the Maine and to hell with Spain!”

11. New territories acquired by the U.S. as a result of the Spanish American War - Guam - Puerto Rico - The Philippines

12. Theodore Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy -”Speak softly, and carry a big stick”  Roosevelt Corollary = An addition to the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 which states that the U.S. will use force and intervene in Latin American affairs in order to protect their economic investments and will act as a world police force.

13. Hawaii is significant in the U.S. rising in power: - It served as a refueling station/ rest stop in the middle of the Pacific -Was good for producing sugar cane (and pineapples) and served as the 1 st step in expansion into the Pacific Region by adding Pearl Harbor as a U.S. military base.

14. Robber Barron became a derogatory term applied to wealthy and powerful 19 th Century American Businessmen. -Andrew Carnegie = Steel -Cornelius Vanderbilt = Railroads/ Water Transportation -J.P. Morgan = Banking/ Investments -John D. Rockefeller = Oil

15. Imperialism and expansionism Economic and political domination of a strong nation over other weaker nations; gaining a worldwide empire by gaining colonies = greed for colonies (Expansionism) - The U.S. expands when it annexes Hawaii (military base at Pearl Harbor) and acquires the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico at the end of the Spanish American War.

16. Characteristics of the Gilded Age: Corruption, Industrial Growth, Urban Growth, Political Growth, Political machines & Party Bosses, Immigration restriction, New Native American policies, Birth of the Labor Union.

17. Political Bosses promised jobs, schools, housing, public service (Urban infrastructure), police services to those who would in turn “vote” to keep their political officials in office (Voting Fraud)

A. Immigrants = working in factories = Urban Growth B. Railroads = Industrial Growth and development

19. Andrew Carnegie = Steel King, Robber Barron, Business man, Entrepreneur, Philanthropist (philanthropist – a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the generous donation ofmoney to good causes)

20. The U.S. began enforcing immigration restrictions due to an abundance of immigrant labor force. Also because of pressure from anti-immigrant organizations