Health Care Delivery & Population- Centered Nursing Topic 9

How does Systems-Level Practice Influence the Health of a Community?

Human Capital The strengths, knowledge, and skills that enable a person to live a productive, happy life (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016) the collective skills, knowledge, or other intangible assets of individuals that can be used to create economic value for the individuals, their employers, or their community (

Health Care Spending Poverty can be directly related to poor health outcomes. Estimates indicate that public spending on health care makes a difference but needs the support of increased private health care spending to improve the overall health status of populations.

Macroeconomics Focuses on the “big picture” The total, or aggregate, of all individuals and organizations Aggregate is usually a country or nation

Efficiency & Effectiveness Efficiency producing maximal output, such as a good or service, using a given set of resources (or inputs), such as labor, time, and available money. Effectiveness refers to the extent to which a health care service meets a stated goal or objective, or how well a program or service achieves what is intended.

Factors Affecting Resource Allocation in Health Care The uninsured Access to health services Rationing health care Healthy People 2020

Uninsured & Underinsured In 2012, 48 million were uninsured in the United States Mostly in low-paying jobs, part-time jobs, temporary jobs, or small business jobs Uninsured persons typically are as follows: Young adults Minorities Under 65 years of age, in good or fair health Poor or near poor

Affordable Care Act Enrollment in ACA coverage corresponds with large declines in the uninsured rate. Between 2013 and 2014, the uninsured rate dropped significantly, from 16.2% in the last quarter of 2013 to 12.1% in the last quarter of Coverage gains from 2013 to 2014 were particularly large among poor and low-income individuals and people of color, groups that had high uninsured rates prior to 2014.

Public Policy An attempt by a government to address a public issue by instituting laws, regulations, decisions, or actions pertinent to the problem at hand. Examples of Issues: crime, education, foreign policy, health, social welfare

4 Types of Public Policy Distributive Redistributive Regulative Constituent

Distributive & Redistributive Public Policies Distributive Policies: created in response to a specific issue and affect only a select group of people Redistributive Policies: policies that affect the majority

Regulative & Constituent Public Policies Regulative Policies: The government's restriction and control over business practices Constituent Policies: similar to a regulatory policy also determines how the public funds the law efforts.

The Public Policy Process

Health Policy refers to decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals within a society.

Nursing Process Public Policy & Health Policy Assessment Plan Implementation Evaluation

Class Activity Public Policy Proposal Team Assignment