The Establishment of the 13 Original Colonies

Roanoke and Jamestown England’s Early Settlement of Virginia

England’s First Settlement 1558 Queen Elizabeth becomes queen of England Wants colonies in the New World ◦ Compete with Spain (mercantilism) ◦ Spread Protestant faith

Spanish Armada Leads to religious conflict in Europe King Phillip II of Spain plots to remove Queen Elizabeth I 1588 he sends his Armada to attack England Protestant Queen Catholic King

Spanish Armada English ships defeat Spanish Armada Allows England and other countries to begin colonization New World, challenges the Spanish

Roanoke Island (Lost Colony) Sir Walter Raleigh persuades Queen Elizabeth I of England to begin a colony in North America. charter Given a charter (a document that allowed colonists to live on land owned by their country.)

Roanoke, North Carolina 1580s – The Lost Colony Failure: Poorly planned and supplied Failure: Poorly planned and supplied ◦ due to hunger and bad relations with the Native Americans. ◦ Colony disappeared without a trace First English Colony in New World Anyone?

James I Reigned Wanted colonies that would economically help England Wanted to get rid of people who don’t want to follow the Church of England (“Persecution”)

Jamestown – First Permanent Settlement in “New World” In 1606, King James I gave permission to the Virginia Company of London (joint stock company) established the colony for economic reasons (to make money for investors) Jamestown Virginia Jamestown was named after the King James I and Virginia was named after Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen of England.

Jamestown first English permanent settlement On May 14, 1607, the settlers began building the first English permanent settlement on the James River in Virginia. Colony led by John Smith Colony led by John Smith ◦ No precious metals found w Click Here to see a Virtual tour of Jamestown Click Here to see a Virtual tour of Jamestown

Hardship in Jamestown John Smith forces the wealthy gentlemen to work “He who will not work, shall not eat” John Smith returns to England in 1609 ◦ Leads to poor colonial leadership ◦ The Starving Time ◦ The Starving Time – 1609 ◦ Only 60 of the original 214 survive

Captain John Smith recorded what he later learned in his history of the colony – The Generall Historie of Virginia, published in 1624 “The miserable and poor creatures were (kept alive) for the most by roots, herbs, acorns, walnuts, berries, and fish, even the skins of horses. So great was our famine, that when an Indian was killed, and buried, the poor dug him up and ate him, and others boiled and stewed with roots and herbs: One amongst us killed his wife, powdered her and ate part of her before it was known, for which he was executed.” ◦What hardships did the first settlers at Jamestown face? ◦How did some of the Jamestown colonists survive the “Starving Time”?

Jamestown Thrives John Rolfe – Brings tobacco to Virginia Tobacco saves Jamestown and Virginia Free Enterprise ◦ Business not interfered with by government ◦ Colonists farmed the land for profit ◦ Private land ownership expanded ◦ Labor shortage created need for slaves ◦ 1 st English settlement to use African slaves ◦ Large plantations and small farms grew to become one of wealthiest colonies.

Quick Check 1. What event allowed England to begin directing its resources toward colonization of the Americas? 2. In order to set up a colony, organizers had to first obtain what document from England’s monarch? 3. True or false? The English named their first colony on the North American continent Jamestown but it failed when all the colonists mysteriously disappeared. 4. After most of Jamestown’s colonists died, who took control of the colony and forced the remaining colonists to work to save it? 5. What was a significant factor in the failure of the colony at Roanoke?

House of Burgesses Start of Representative Government Virginia Company allows creation of the first representative body 1619 – Virginia Company allows creation of the first representative body ◦ Gave people a voice in their government ◦ Ten towns sent 2 representatives ( burgesses) to an assembly House of Burgesses ◦ July 30 – House of Burgesses met at a church in Jamestown

The New England Colonies The Migration of Puritans and Pilgrims

Plymouth (Massachusetts) 1620 Pilgrims (Separatists) were fleeing religious persecution First permanent settlement in New England Created Mayflower Compact ◦ Before going ashore, they pledged themselves to self-government by signing ◦ Agreed to form their own government

“In the name of God. We who are underwritten, the loyal subjects of King James of Britain, France and Ireland, having undertaken for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our country, a voyage to plant the first colony in Virginia, do (agree) and combine ourselves together into a body politic (a community with its own form of government), for our better order and preservation and…to enact the frame just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, and constitutions from time to time, as shall be thought most convenient for the general good of the colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we sign our names at Cape-Cod, 11 th of November (1620)” Based on the Mayflower Compact, why did the Pilgrims decide to establish a colony in North America? Why do they refer to Virginia? How did the Pilgrims promise to act toward laws passed by the community?

Massachusetts Bay 1630 Settled by the Puritans ◦ Part of Great Migration ◦ Absorbed Plymouth Founded Harvard College in 1636 to train Puritan ministers Town meetings John Winthrop

New Hampshire 1623 John Mason wanted to start a colony for fishing and trade ◦ Portsmouth Expanded by John Wheelwright in 1638 ◦ Some Puritans seek more freedoms Atlantic Cod

Connecticut 1636 Continuation of the Great Migration of the Puritans ◦ Dissatisfied with lack of freedoms in Mass. ◦ Led by Thomas Hooker Fundamental Orders of Connecticut ◦ Extended rights of citizens and established self- government ◦ provided a basis for future governing of the colony Thomas Hooker

Rhode Island 1636 Roger Williams kicked out of Massachusetts Started his own colony based on religious toleration Believed in the separation of church and state Anne Hutchinson was banished for going against the Puritans and joined Roger Williams in Rhode Island Roger Williams

The Middle Colonies The Role of Religion in the Colonies

New York 1664 New Jersey Originally New Netherlands founded by the Dutch 1624 ◦ Taken for its trade routes & commerce Became English in 1664 Given to the James, Duke of York (later James II) Originally part of New Netherlands Became English in 1664 Land sales and religious freedom Given by James, Duke of York to friends Berkeley and Carteret

Pennsylvania 1682 Land given to Penn to cover a £16,000 loan Peaceful place for the Quaker congregation Penn insisted on also paying the Native Americans for their land William Penn

Delaware 1682 Originally settled by the Swedes (Sweden) Taken over by the Dutch Taken over by the English when they took New Netherlands

The Southern Colonies Geography drives cash crop prodcution

Maryland 1632 Lord Baltimore created refuge for English Catholics Welcomed all Christians 1 st settlement St. Mary’s City George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

The Carolinas 1663 Founded in 1663 Groups of proprietors – economic reasons Split into North and South in 1712 NorthSouth Royal ColonyLarge plantations Navel storesPurchased slaves

Georgia 1732 James Oglethorpe set up as place for debtors Keep the Spanish from attacking from the south Strict rules; no slaves, no alcohol James Oglethorpe

George III Reigns Grandson of George II Loses the American Revolution and all of England’s North American colonies except Canada