Critical ICT for Disaster Preparedness and Response Jane W. S. Liu Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica, Taiwan International Summer School on Trends in Computing, Tarragona Spain, July 2013

Topic Outline  Overview on ICT for disaster management  Introduction: definitions, scenarios and scope  State of the art in disaster detection and prediction  State-of-the-art information and communication infrastructures and remaining technology gaps  Selected topics on critical real-time computing and information systems (CRICIS) for disasters, including Exploiting linked data and semantic web technologies Information access control and privacy protection Ubiquitous smart devices and applications for disaster preparedness and early response Crowdsourcing human sensor data by disaster surveillance and early warning systems Disaster resilient networks and transport services

Scope of Our Discussion Response Recovery Preparedness Reconstruction Prediction and warning Scenario development Emergency SOP development Education & training Preparedness Real-time monitoring, modeling, forecasting Scenario identification/situation awareness Dependable alert/alarm/warning delivery Effective use of alarm information Prediction and warning Connectivity diagnosis and repair Information dissemination Command and control decision support Resource dispatching Response Impact assessment Restoration of telecommunication, transportation & other infrastructures Recovery Mitigation and prevention Disaster management cycle

Mega disasters “Calamities for which we are unprepared” “no-notice events ” by C. Dickey, Newsweek, Sept 12, 2011

2011 Japan Earthquake, Tsunami, and Nuclear Power Plant Accident 2010 Haiti and 2011 Chilean Earthquakes

2009 Moroko Typhoon, Heavy Rain, and Landslide in Taiwan

Killer Tornados in USA, 2012 and 2013

One of quakes in past 25 years Buildings evacuated from NYC to DC 911 calls failed for more than an hour Traffic jams on N. VA highways Two nuclear power plants shut down 08/23/ quake in Virginia

24h 36h 0% 024h48h 72h 100% Availability Impact On Power of Information “Information can save lives, livelihoods and resources.” – World Disasters Report, 2005 “Today, even mobile phones could be used as an effective medium to provide early warnings and thus save lives and property” – R. K. Pachauri, 2009 “Small advances in emergency informatics could significantly reduce deaths, accelerate damage assessment, and minimize economic downtime” – R. R. Murphy, 2010

State of the Art in Disaster Prediction and Detection

Disaster Prediction & Detection From Weather Underground From Minnesota Public Radio Org. Tsunami warning, landslide warning, debris flow monitoring systems

Earthquake Detection $ 29  Affordable detectors based on that  P (primary/pressure) wave travels faster than S (secondary/shear) waves, and generate only shock  Slower S waves are destructive  Early earthquake warning systems consisting of seismic motion sensors networked with computer(s)  Issue warning based on likely strength and progression of seismic events and  Can allow warning 20 seconds or more before ground motion.

Earthquake Detection in Taiwan BATS: Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology 650 strong motion seismic stations Auto-location in seconds by taking advantage of Central Weather Bureau seismic network RF connections to TEC Data Center Capable of inverting BATS waveforms to obtain focal mechanisms for felt earthquakes in seconds Felt earthquakes 08/2011

State-of-the-Art Information and Communication Infrastructures for Disaster Management

Happenings Everywhere

OGC Sensor Web Enablement Standards: Vision, Implementation and Applications

SANY (Sensors Anywhere) in EU User information systems Operational services System services Sensor services Sensor Systems Generic  Display  Sensor tasking  Sensor Monitoring  Sensor man.  Proc./storage  Web mapping  Dataflow man.  Alarm service  Discovery  Access  Alert  Tasking.  Interface adaptor

Disaster Management for Typhoon Hazards in Taiwan

Server Augmented reality Smart phone Apps 聚落調查資料庫 保全對象 土石流 山崩地滑 避難處所 河岸侵蝕 Disaster historical records Hazard database: Investigation photos

Open SensorNet & DMIS Infrastructures in US E911 & E911-IPDM-OPEN, IPAWS, CAP

Open SensorNet & DMIS Infrastructures in US DM-OPEN, IPAWS, CAP E911 & E911-IP

Standard-Based Alert Delivery Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Authenticated message senders

Common Alert Protocol ITU-T Recommendation X 1303 (07/2007) A common format that supports  Broadcast of messages of all types to all public alert systems  Message exchange between emergency information systems  Aggregation and correlation of warnings from multiple sources  End-to-end authentication and validation  Automatic reports by sensor systems to analysis centers  Automatic processing by smart devices and applications

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 Guide for CAP-EAS implementation published by EAS industry  Weekly testing in USA since December 2011 CMAS Happenings Now  iPAWS-CAP-EAS/CMAS  Google Now Alerts

Google Now Alerts

Common Limitations The systems do not make good use of information sources owned by businesses, organization, communities, and so on The systems do not exploit synergistically information from networks of things and crowd of people The systems are not sufficiently agile in response to changes in disaster situation The systems do not make effective use of early warnings to enhance preparedness

Wrapper interface Filtering and Fusion Information SourcesApplicationsOpen Information System Disaster mitigation applications Disaster warning systems Real-time C3 Sahana & other DMS Road and traffic conditions data.gov.tw datasets Weather forecast, models, imagery, sea surface temperature, etc Census and GIS data on vegetation, wildlife, geological profile, etc. Eyewitness reports, news, messages, twitter, etc. OpenSensorIS Sensor data on water levels & flow rates, soil moisture profile, land slide susceptibility; seismic activities; bridge stress, etc. Information flow control mechanisms Fusion, virtualization, & visualization services

Contents contributed by diverse, independent sources Responsive, trustworthy emergency Information broker service Sources = applications/users Individualized view of a virtual data cloud for each application/user Effective use of compute, communication and storage resources provided by points of service

Open Information Gateway C. T. Hsiao Research Center for IT Innovation, AS P. C. Yew & D. H. C. Du Computer Science, U. of Minnesota Virtual Repository C. S. Shih & P. Lin CSIE, Taiwan University L. J. Chen, C. L. Lin & W. H. Chung IIS and CITI, Academia Sinica K.J. Lin, ECE, UC-Irvine J. K.K. Zao CS, Chiao -Tung University S. W. Chen & J. W. S. Liu Institute of Information Science, AS E. T.-H. Chu, CS, Yunlin S&T University Flow Control and Fusion of Symbiotic Information OpenISDM Thematic Project J. M. Ho, D. T. Lee, C. T. Hsiao, J. W. S. Liu IIS and CITI, Academia Sinica S. C. Liu, C. Chou & S. C. Lung Center of Climate Extremes, Academia Sinica M. M. Lu, Central Weather Bureau Information Repository for Climate Extremes and Weather Disasters J. C. Lee, W. Z. Liang, and L. C. Kuo Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica Database for Studies of Crustal Deformation & Faulting Behavior F. T. Lin and H. L. Lin Urban Planning, Cheng-Kung University H. C. Chou National S&T Center for Disaster Reduction Disaster Information Systems for Resilient Communities

OpenISDM Project Overview Goals include  To develop underpinnings of a framework for responsive, open and sustainable information systems,  To exploit the use of multi-domain sensor information, scientific data and historical records in research. Innovative information technologies include:  Models/views of multi-domain, real-time, streaming & 4-D geospatial data to support analysis and simulation  Responsive emergency access and information flow control policies and enforcement mechanisms  Symbiotic fusion of information from things and people  Resilient and dynamic open information gateway  Standard-based support for DM applications/services

On how CRICIS (Critical Real-time Computing and Information Systems) expands fundamental research through extremes and human-computer systems - from a report published by Computing Community Consortium

Topic Outline Overview on ICT for disaster management  Introduction and state of the art  Selected topics motivated by the CRICIS report Middleware, methods and tools for exploiting linked data and semantic web technologies to support data and information discovery Responsive information access control and privacy protection during emergencies Ubiquitous smart devices and applications for disaster preparedness and early response Crowdsourcing human sensor data by disaster surveillance and early warning systems Disaster resilient networks and transport services

Selected References  CRICIS: Critical real-time computing and information systems, a report from a community working group, published by CCC at www.cra.org/ccc  “Survey on Public Warning Systems in Europe,” publication of European Emergency Number Association, December 2012  M. Wetterwald, et al., “Future architectures for public warning systems,” in Proceedings of the 7 th Int. Conferences on Networking and Services, July 2011  R. R. Murphy, “A national initiative in emergency informatics,” in Computing Community Consortium, November 2010  European Public Warning System (EU-Alert) Using Cell Broadcast, ETSI TS V1.1.1 Technical Specification, ETSI, 2010  C. Buratti, A. Conti, D. Darkari, and B. Verdone, “An overview on wireless sensor networks technology,” Sensors, 2009  SANY - an open service architecture for sensor networks, edited by M. Klopfer and I. Simons,  IPAWS-OPEN (Integrated Public Alert and Warning System – Open Platform for Emergency Networks), at  EDXL-DE: Emergency Data Exchange Language Distribution Element, V1.0, at DE_Spec_v1.0.html DE_Spec_v1.0.html  CAP: Common Alerting Protocol, V1.2, open.org/emergency/cap/v1.2/CAP-v1.2-os.htmlhttp://docs.oasis- open.org/emergency/cap/v1.2/CAP-v1.2-os.html

Thank You!

Thank You!

Can facilitate the access, fusion, and use of data and information from all information sources built from things; Can weave together data/information from networked things and information contributed by people via web 2.0 services to offer users less fragmented, more timely and trustworthy information with higher availability; Can support independent development of applications and services for all phases of disaster management; Can adapt with needs, improve through use, and grow in capabilities with scientific and technological advances. Distinguishing Capabilities of Open and Sustainable DMIS