Exotic Nuisance By: Robin Clarke
Dreissena polymorpha Zebra Mussel
Possible methods of arrival Ballast water of ships Attachment to anchors and rope coils
Biological Effects Intense filter feeders plankton toxic material Grow in dense clusters
Commercial Effects Water Clarity Commercial Fishermen and clammers Clog pipes
Recreational Effects Boats, boat dock, and boat hulls Remains of zebra mussels Decrease in fish
Methods being used to control zebra mussels 1.Chemical molluscicides: Oxidizing (chlorine, chlorine dioxide) and Non-oxidizing 2.Manual removal (pigging, high pressure wash) 3.Dewatering / Desiccation (freezing, heated air) 4.Thermal (steam injection, hot water >32°C) 5.Acoustical vibration 6.Electrical current 7.Filters, Screens
1.Coatings: Toxic (copper, zinc) and Non-toxic (silicone-based) 2.Toxic constructed piping (copper, brass, galvanized metals) 3.Carbon dioxide injection 4.Ultraviolet light 5.Anoxia / Hypoxia 6.Flushing
Zebra Mussels. Dreissena polymorpha