Where next with Open Access? Scholarly Communications: New Developments in Open Access 1 June 2012 Martin Hall Vice-Chancellor, University of Salford

A long and inevitable transition All scholarly communications will move from the subscription/ licence model to full and free availability at the point of use. Why? Because the combination of full digital formats, ubiquitous bandwidth and cloud storage and applications renders paywalls ineffectual and antiquated Because new advances in research across all fields will depend increasingly on text and data mining and automated searches and analysis that makes openness essential

The key issue of costs Freedom of access is not access for free….. All scholarly communications have intermediary costs Full Open Access will require full and upfront Article Processing Charges (APCs) to meet these intermediary costs APC levels need to be unregulated, to drive innovation, to drive down costs, encourage non-profit OA publishers and contain commercial margins When the intermediary costs for all scholarly publications have full and upfront APCs, there will be no need for restrictions after publication (full CC-BY compliance)

Policy Drivers (UK) Wellcome Trust – a key model of practice Research Councils UK – emerging OA requirements for publicly funded research HEFCE – requirements for the 2020 REF Publishers – UK Public Library initiative Coalition Research and Innovation policy – open access to publicly owned data sets The Elsevier boycott – groundswell of researcher discontent

Navigating the transition A “mixed economy” of full APCs, hybrid journals and licencing Different national paces of change (example of the learned societies) Publishers’ embargo periods for non-APC publications in the face of OA policy mandates The costs to Institutional Publication Funds, and the uneven burdens on different types of university No new public money for infrastructure investment Collateral damage: scholarly monographs, learned societies, independent researchers

Implication for repositories Interoperability will be essential (no new roadblocks) Discipline-based repositories versus institutional repositories? Convergence towards a single, borderless, virtual library? But Open Access publication and open data will converge The “grey literature” distinction will become meaningless Quality control will be essential Universities/ university consortia will self-publish specialist scholarly e-books

Milestones Finch Group report (probably mid-June) RCUK: all publications to be OA, with maximum 12 month embargo and CC-BY licences HEFCE: all 2020 submissions to be OA If RCUK and HEFCE follow Wellcome’s lead, then there will be significant, increased, interest in all forms of repositories