Warm Up Copy the objective into your notes What is your favorite state of matter why?

STATES OF MATTER The Four States of Matter The Four States of Matter Four States Four States Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas Gas Plasma Plasma

STATES OF MATTER  Based upon particle arrangement  Based upon energy of particles  Based upon distance between particles

Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat

STATES OF MATTER LIQUID  Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.  Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat

STATES OF MATTER GAS  Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.  Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Heat

PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Liquid to gas Vaporization Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. Gas to liquid Condensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses. Solid to gas Sublimation Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ? Will everything just be a gas?

STATES OF MATTER PLASMA  A plasma is an ionized gas.  A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.  Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Plasma is the common state of matter

STATES OF MATTER SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

Some places where plasmas are found… 1. Flames

2. Lightning

3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

sublimation melting vaporization condensation freezing

What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change? Temperatures stay constant during phase changes. Although energy is added during melting, the energy is used to break the forces that hold the molecules together in a solid.

As ice is melting, the temperature of the water and ice remain at 0 o C.

As water boils, the temperature of the boiling water remains at 100 o C. The energy that is being added is used to bump the liquid water molecules out into the air as steam.

What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change? Phase changeDescriptionHeat MovementTemperature Change During Phase Change meltingSolid to liquidIn / endothermic No! freezingLiquid to solidOut / exothermic No! vaporizationLiquid to gasIn / endothermic No! condensationGas to liquidOut / exothermic No! sublimationSolid to gasIn / endothermic No!

Two properties of liquids: Surface tension – an inward force or pull among the molecules in a liquid that bring the molecules on the surface closer together rubbing alcohol has lower surface tension than water, it does not form drops or bead up like water does Viscosity - liquid’s resistance to flow liquids with high viscosity flow slowly honey has high viscosity

Warm Up – Copy the objectives into your notebook 1. Which diagram best represents molecules of matter in the solid phase? 2. Compare 2 states of matter – gas and plasma?

Diagram A represents a glass of water containing ice cubes. As the water and glass cooled, droplets formed on the outside of the glass. Diagram B represents the same undisturbed glass of water two days later. Water droplets on the outside of the glass Diagram ADiagram B 2 days later Ice cubes Glass Water Glass Water EventPhase Change Water droplets formed on the outside of the glass in diagram A. Ice is no longer visible in diagram B. The level of water in the glass dropped in diagram B.

Determine if the following are examples of viscosity or surface tension. Lotion can be applied before it drips off of your skin When you pour oil into your car it pours slowly Soaps and detergents lower this for water so it can soak into your clothes and clean them Drops of dew on the grass in the morning

Sketch and label the diagram with : liquid, gas, solid, melting, freezing, condenses, and vaporization