Pierre Failler, Haoran Pan, Andy Thorpe, Martin Stecken, Villy Christensen and Sonja Teelucksingh ISEE conference, Delhi, December 2006 Assessing Societal Costs and Benefits of Fisheries in Developing Countries: the ECOST project

Third countries Fisheries

Quick look Rising production but reach optimum in many countries Rising trade: fish trade is now the major food product exported (more than other food products all together) Both from FAO FISHSTAT and FAOSTAT 2004

Major concerns Food security issues: less and less fish for local population (prices going up) Equity and poverty issues: concentration of financial assets in a few hands (mainly traders) without wealth redistributione Overexploitation issues: export species overexploited and ecosystems dammaged

ECOST Presentation

e COST Context The project ECOST falls under: –the logic of the decision of Johannesburg to restore the marine ecosystems for 2015 through the establishment, by 2012, of networks of protected areas and –the philosophy of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) for a responsible fishery

e COST Main Objective To develop a new approach for the evaluation of fishing activities and fishing policies in order to contribute to a better management of aquatic resources in the world

e COST Specific Objectives 1-Development of far-reaching research into the capacity of traditional models to take into account the reality of ecological, economic and social effects using purely theoretical considerations, the experience of past application, and a questioning of the notion of value. 2-The construction of an efficient model for societal cost. This model is based on the consilience between economics, sociology and ecology, and takes into account the variable nature of resources and marine environmental changes. 3-Comparison of the societal costs of fishing activities. Comparative work carried out on three levels: firstly, work on the ecosystem showing the repercussions of the use of distinct techniques and practices; secondly, comparison of the ecosystems themselves in order to highlight the responses made by the ecosystems to anthropic pressure; and thirdly, a comparison of ecosystems that have free or regulated access and the ecosystems found within marine protected areas. 4-Definition of options for public policy by the formulation of certain principles found within the framework of the CCRF for responsible fishing

Societal costs The societal costs are all costs linked to fishing activities and fishery policies SC = Ecol C + Econ C + Soc C These may be ecological (alteration of the capacity of a system), economic (all costs linked to production, management, subsidies, and external factors) and social (the costs of poverty, social injustice, gender discrimination, food security and food safety).

e COST 3 Eco-Regions

ASIA Great Delta Ecosytem Perl River (China) Chao Phraya (Thailand) Mekong (Vietnam) The Vo Doi marine protected area

Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystem Jamaica Dominicana Republic Trinidad and Tobago The Parque Nacional des Este

AFRICA Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem Senegal Guinea Bissau Guinea Conakry The Bolama and Bijagos marine protected area

WORK organisation 1 work-package on the definition of values (society, economics and ecological values) 8 work-packages on modelling 2 work-packages on the assessment of the public policies in each Eco- region 1 work-package on Dissemination

Societal costs modelling

and there are also activities on the other side! Mote lab Charles Darwin Research Station, Galapagos Four Fish. Commissions Prince William Sound NMFS, Bering Sea, GoAlaska Greenland Fisheries Inst. Faroe Fisheries Inst IMR, Bergen DIFRES, Charlottenlund CEFAS, Lowestoft Santander FFRI, West Florida S Atlantic Fish.Comm. NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Fish. Inst, Lisboa Six West African Countries Concepcion, Chile Namibia Cape Town DFO Tongoy Gulf, Chile Colombia Venezuela Argentina Sao Paulo, Brazil Abrolhos, Brazil Trinidad Jamaica, BVI, … La Paz, Mexico Azores F.I. G.o Mexico Yucatan reefs Trop. Tuna Comm. Venice Virginia IMS NCEAS UoWisconsin = training courses / workshops UBC EwE project activities ( Ecopath and Ecosim) NMFS, Galveston Angola G.o.Guinea NMFS, Honolulu Swedish Fisheries Poland Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania Thetis, Greece Ecopath and Ecosim

Ecopath describes ecosystem resources, interactions and exploitation

Mass balance: double-bookkeeping Other mortality Harvest Consumption Predation Other mortality Other mortality Other mortality Predation Respi- ration Respi- ration Harvest Unassi- milated food Unassi- milated food Respi- ration Respi- ration Unassi- milated food Unassi- milated food Unassi- milated food Unassi- milated food Respi- ration Respi- ration

Fishing Discards Landing Processing Consumption Distribution Consumption Service PopulationEmployment Functional income distribution Personal income distribution Labor, capital incomesPersonal incomes Economic and social model

Growth Effort Price CPUE table Use table Revenue An economic model to assess ecological, economic and social costs and benefits Stock Ecological changes Costs Benefits Surplus CapitalLabour Capitalists’ income Labours’ income Cost Price Revenue Surplus Capitalists’ income Labours’ income Cost CapitalLabour Price Revenue Surplus Capitalists’ income Labours’ income Cost Consumption Social changes ProductionProcessingDistribution Costs Benefits Service

Economic benefit (exploration) Social cost (depletion) Economic cost (operation) Ecological benefit (protection or management) Social system Economic system Ecological system Social benefit (consumption) Economic benefit (surplus) Ecological cost (degradation) Economic cost (depletion) Ecological benefit (restoration) Social cost (disturbance) Economic cost (correction) Social benefit (improvement)

Conclusion and follow up

ECOST will contribute To show the cost (private and public versus private and public benefits) of fishing practives and fishery policies in 3 major ecosystems in the world contribute to the ongoing assessment of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPoI) To discuss its major constraints and opportunities, and to present some further avenues and practical ways to ensure the attainment of the agreed targets To increase the level of (shared) information available to all policy makers, stakeholders and researchers Follow-up: major concerted action called OCEAN15 coming up in 2007