Chapter 2: Biochemistry Part 2: Organic Molecules

1. Organic molecules  A. contain many carbon atoms  B. they are polymers (long chains of small molecules)  C. condensation reactions make monomers into polymers

Polymer (long chain of monomers) polysaccharide (complex carbohydrate) fat (a lipid) protein nucleic acid Monomer (small) monosaccharide (simple sugar) glycerol, fatty acid amino acid nucleotide

2. Carbohydrates  a. sugars and starches  b. used for energy (short term and long term)  c. ex. glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, cellulose Monomers

Monosaccharides combine in condensation reactions to form Disaccharides

Starches are polysaccharides used to store energy in plants.

Amylose starch

Mammals store food in the liver in the form of glycogen

Cellulose provides strength for plant cells

3. Proteins  a. used for structure, enzymes, cell identification.  b. long chains of amino acids  c. ex. hemoglobin (blood), collagen (skin), amylase (digestion), keratin (hair), myosin (muscles)

Amino acids are the monomers of proteins Glycine R= H Alanine R= CH 3 Serine R= H 2 COH Cysteine R= SH-CH 2

Amino acids join to form protiens

Enzymes are proteins that assist in metabolic reactions

4. Lipids  a. fats and oils  b. used for energy storage, lubrication, insulation, building cell membranes  c. ex. butter, oils, lard

Unsaturated fats are more likely to react and break apart. H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Saturated fats are less likely to react, staying stay large; therefore, they are less healthy.

5. Nucleic Acids  a. store information for the cell  b. made of chains of nucleotides  c. ex. DNA, RNA

Homework  Copy the following pictures into your notes: Figure 2-13 Figure 2-13 Figure 2-14 Figure 2-14 Figure 2-15 Figure 2-15 Figure 2-16 Figure 2-16 No, I don’t know what pages they are on; however, I DO know they are in chapter 2.

Homework  Read pages  Copy the 4 molecules into your notes (lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid)  Read p. 166 about how enzymes work  Do question 5 on p. 167

If blue = amino acids, it’s___________ If purple = nucleotides, it’s___________ If pink = sugars, it’s________________ If brown = glycerol, it’s_____________ And white must be ______