*Refer to Chapter 5 in your Textbook

Marine Science: 3/28/16 Bellringer: Which type of marine bacteria am I? 1. Lives in hydrothermal vents 2. Lives inside another organism 3. The most common type in the ocean 4. Feeds off of dead/decaying material Reminders: Sign up for the Peanut Island Field Trip! Sign up by April 5 th ! Finish paying by April 7 th !

Learning Goals: 1. I can differentiate between the major groups of marine plankton. 2. I can identify the major types in each group of marine plankton by their defining features.

Types of Plankton: Plankton = “Wanderer” Phytoplankton: “plant” autotrophs Zooplankton: “animal” heterotrophs Holoplankton spend their entire lives as plankton Meroplankton have 2 life stages: larvae (plankton) & mature (adult)

Phytoplankton: “Plant” Most common types: 1. Diatoms 2. Coccolithophores “coccos” 3. Dinoflagellates “dinos”

Phytoplankton: Diatoms are a holoplankton defined by their frustule, a glassy cell wall (shell) made of silica Very fragile causing a short life span! Diatomaceous Earth: sandy deposits of “siliceous ooze” from the frustules of dead diatoms (used in filters & toothpaste)

Phytoplankton: Coccolithophores “coccos” are a type of Holoplankton that have circular disc-shaped scales made of calcium carbonate as their defining feature Calcareous ooze: cocco scales from dead organisms- used to make chalk

Phytoplankton: Dinoflagellates “dinos” are a holoplankton defined by their armored pellicle (shell) contains thin plates of cellulose as well having 2 flagella Cyst: dormant “sleeping” stages of the life cycle in times of stress (~100 years!) Zooxanthellae: dinos that are symbiotic with another species (type of algae that lives inside coral)

Phytoplankton: Harmful Algal Blooms “red/brown tides” Population explosion of phytoplankton Deplete the oxygen content of the water Some can carry toxin harmful to fish or humans Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

Zooplankton: “Animal” Most common types: 1. Foraminiferans “forams” 2. Radiolarians “radios” 3. Protozoans 4. Larva

Zooplankton: Foraminiferans “forams” are defined by their spiral shaped test (shell) made of calcium carbonate that resembles a snail, as well as a reticulopod, a branched net-like structure used to catch prey & to slow down sinking rate

The White Cliffs of Dover in England are made from an accumulation of foram tests on ocean floor, and also contribute to fine white sands Zooplankton:

Radiolarians “radios” are defined by their actinopod, a long needle-like structure for capturing food and reducing sinking rate They also have a test, but it’s made of silica not calcium Radiolarian ooze: siliceous ooze instead of calcareous ooze, similar to diatoms

Zooplankton: Protozoans are the most complex type of zooplankton “primitive animal” Most common types of protozoans are ciliates & amoebas: Ciliates are defined by their cilia “hairs”, which are similar to the flagella, but shorter in length and occur in multiples (resemble eyelashes) Amoebas are defines by their pseudopod “arms” and their ability to change shape

Zooplankton: Some species are meroplankton, which means they are not plankton their entire lives, they are only plankton as “babies.” The baby plankton stage is called the larval stage Ex. Lobster, Crab, & Squid