Assessing Change in Army ROTC: Wartime to Peacetime Team 3 April 22nd,

Report Overview ● U.S transition from wartime to peacetime ● Methodology o Interviews o Questions ● Report results o How did the changes in the Army ROTC mirror the changes in U.S military strategy? ● Course Connections & Analysis ● Conclusions and takeaways 2

Wartime to Peacetime ● U.S invades Afghanistan in response to 9/11 terror attacks o Number of enlisted troops grows o Additional officers needed to support mission ● U.S invades Iraq o Need for troops and officers is at an all-time high o ROTC commissions increase year-over-year ● Gradual troop reductions have decreased the need for large numbers 3

Methodology Online Research ● Washington Post & NY Times ● ROTC enrollment and commission statistics Interviews ● ROTC Cadets ● Current Active Duty Officer ● Current Reservist Officer ● W&M Cadre 4

Interviewees Lieutenant Colonel James M. Kimbrough William & Mary Cadre and Professor of Military Science Officers & Cadets ●Active Duty Officer - Emily Bessler ●Reservist Officer - Valerie Sanetrik, Jorge Parra ●W&M Cadet - Dylan Farley, Briana List, Jordan Cirenza, Charlie Clouse 5

Questions Lt. Col. Kimbrough (Cadre) ● How have recruitment strategies changed to adjust to the peacetime army? Current Officers ● What type of training would have been more beneficial given your current understanding of your job? Current ROTC Cadets ● What were the expectations of joining ROTC and the anticipated job status afterwards? 6

Results -Trends we found in: - Cadet responses - Recently commissioned officer responses - Cadre responses -Other research: - ROTC enrollment and commissions peaked during U.S wartime engagements 7

Kotter’s 8 Steps 8 ● Vision Misalignment o National vs. Local o Curriculum Gap ● Communication Breakdown o Cadet Expectations ● Making it Stick o Fluidity of Foreign Policy

Lewin’s Change Model 9 ●Unfreezing- ○Changes are made based on needs of the country ●Changing- ○Decision making is done at the highest levels of authority ○Hierarchy prevents discussion ●Refreezing- ○Changes contingent upon country’s affairs

Important Takeaways 1.In corporate America, the execution of a vision is most successful when all members of the team can foresee a desirable end state and has overall support for the vision. However, this unique hierarchical culture allows them to circumvent that step. 2.Military structure affords opportunities for slow, gradual organizational change; however, most decisions don’t follow this path. 10