: Bringing the War to an End

DateName May-June 1864Overland Virginia Campaign May-Sept, 1864Atlanta Campaign Nov 1864Reelection of Abraham Lincoln Sept - Dec 1864Sherman’s March to the Sea July 1864 – April 1865Siege of Petersburg April 9, 1865Lee’s army surrenders April 14, 1865Abraham Lincoln is assassinated April 26, 1865Joseph Johnston’s army surrenders Bringing the War to an End

Images courtesy of Library of Congress Bringing the War to an End

Grant vs Lee Born April 27, 1822 Graduate from West Point, 1843 Served in the Mexican War Shoe salesman before the War Commander all Union forces Born April 27, 1822 Graduate from West Point, 1843 Served in the Mexican War Shoe salesman before the War Commander all Union forces Born Jan 18, 1807 Graduate from West Point, 1829 Served in the Mexican War General in the Union Army before the war Lincoln asked Lee to head up the Union Army Refused because of loyalty to Virginia. sCommander of all Confederate force s Born Jan 18, 1807 Graduate from West Point, 1829 Served in the Mexican War General in the Union Army before the war Lincoln asked Lee to head up the Union Army Refused because of loyalty to Virginia. sCommander of all Confederate force s

Bringing the War to an End

Overland Campaign The Wilderness Battle: May 5, 1864 The first battle of the Overland Campaign and was fought in Orange County, Virginia Winner: The Union The Spotsylvania Court House Battle: May 6-7, Union troops moved south to fight the next battle at Spotsylvania Court house just a day later. Winner: The Union Image Courtesy of the Library of Congress

Cold Harbor The final major battle of the Overland Campaign: Cold Harbor Battle: Hanover County, Virginia on May 31- June 12, Total casualties were more than 70,000. Winner: Confederates.

Atlanta Campaign The Atlanta Campaign was a series of battles fought throughout Georgia. Summer of Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman invaded Georgia, opposed by the Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston. Atlanta fell on September 2, but total casualties numbered over 66,000. Winner Union

Election of 1864 Abraham Lincoln argued that the war must be won, the slaves freed, and the Union preserved at all costs. George McClellan argued that the war had gone on long enough and that the South should be allowed to secede in order to save American lives. This meant that slavery would continue in the Southern states.

Who won? America chose, through the election of Abraham Lincoln, to continue fighting the war. Why? Word of the events in Georgia and Virginia soon reached the capital.

Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman’s men left the city of Atlanta on November 15, 1864, heading toward the port at Savannah, on what would become known as Sherman’s March to the Sea. Sherman believed that in order to end the war he must destroy the Confederacy’s war machine. As he made his way to Savannah, he tore up railroad lines and destroyed all war- related industry. Sherman destroyed much of the South’s potential to wage war. Winner: Union

Siege of Petersburg The Petersburg Campaign was a series of battles around Petersburg and Richmond Virginia, fought between June 1864 and April Petersburg was crucial to the supply of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's army and the Confederate capital of Richmond. Lee finally gave up and abandoned both Richmond and Petersburg in April

Image courtesy of the National Park Service Confederate Surrender General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox, Virginia on April 9, 1865.

Terms of Surrender All officers and enlisted men in the Confederate army could go back to their homes. All military equipment and weapons had to be given up to the Union.

Johnston Surrenders to Sherman The last Confederate General Johnston surrendered to Union General Sherman on April 26, 1865 in Durham, North Carolina.

Civil War Casualties…... Union Dead: 364,511 Union Wounded: 281,881 _____ Total Loss: 646,392 Confederate Dead: 260,000 Confederate Wounded: 194,000 _______ Total Losses: 454,000 A Civil War soldier’s chance of NOT surviving the war was about one in four

Cost of the War Union: The war cost the U.S. government $6 billion total. Confederates: The south spent about $4 billion on the war effort. Total: $10 billion dollars = $ 1.4 trillion dollars in 2014