Industrialization

w The change from hand made products to machine made products w The change from an agrarian society to a manufacturing society

Factors of Production w Land w Labor w Loot (slang term for money or wealth)

Why was Great Britain a leader in Industrialization? w 1. Geography – harbors, inland rivers w 2. Natural Resources – lumber, coal, iron, steel

Why was Great Britain a leader in Industrialization? w 3. Money – banks make loans to businesses And government makes laws that support businesses 4. Labor

List some technological advances that assisted Industrialization: w Farming – 1 st industry to be changed by machines-cotton gin w Steam engine – tractor w Seed drill – faster and more uniform planting

Urbanization w Movement of people from the country to the city w Urban w Suburban w Rural

Positives of Industrialization w Created Jobs w Increased wealth of nation w Fostered technological progress and invention w Emerging middle class

Negatives of Industrialization w Overuse of natural resources w Abuse of the environment w Working conditions were hazardous to life and limb w Long hours, long weeks, low pay

Global Effects of Industrialization w Larger stratification between rich and poorer nations w Imperialism w More international communication about imports/exports and taxes

Terms w Gross National Product (GNP) – the total value of all goods and services produced by a country w Entrepreneurs – people who took the risk by investing their own money in a business

Many Decisions to be Made for Industrialization w ans/launch_gms_cotton_millionaire.shtml ans/launch_gms_cotton_millionaire.shtml w w ans/launch_gms_muck_brass.shtml ans/launch_gms_muck_brass.shtml

New Technology w Telephone – 1876 – Graham Bell w Electricity – 1882 – Edison supplying energy to New York City w Gasoline Powered Car – 1893 – Duryea brothers

Railroad Growth w Linked with other lines w Had much assistance from government w Negatives Robber Barons – insider trading Scandals – stock given to members of Congress to continue financial support to the RR

Wealth w Who had it? w Upper class landowners, aristocracy w Middleclass businesspeople merchants, factory owners doctors, lawyers, government employees

The New Middle class w Looked upon as vulgar and barbaric for making money in business w Aristocracy believed true wealth and social status was granted by birth w Stereotype ends only at the end of the 19th century, beginning of the 20th

Industrialization How did industry change …3 for each topic People The World The economy Technology Cities Businesses

Industrialization Reforms w Reforms in the work place w Spurs reforms in other areas Education Social Services Prison Reform Abolishment of Slavery

Horace Mann w Fought for free public education for all children w Believed this would create opportunities for all

Jane Addams w Ran settlement houses to provide social services to residents of poor neighborhoods. w Provided education and recreation support

Prison Reform w In addition, there was a movement for prison reform to attempt to restore prisoners back into society.

William Wilberforce w Led the fight in Parliament for the end of the slave trade and slavery in the British Empire.

Aids for the Workers w Union - workers that organize w Collective bargaining - negotiations between workers and employers for issues such as pay and working conditions w Strike- work stoppage or walkout

Philosophies of Industrialization w Laissez faire- economic policy of a free market with no government intervention- this would lead to a prosperous economy

Adam Smith w Wrote The Wealth of Nations w Capitalism - the economic system where money is invested in business with the goal of making a profit

John Stuart Mill w Utilitarian thinker - meaning that everything has its purpose w Jeremy Bentham w Wanted government to do away with great differences in wealth w Favored equal division of profits w Greatest Good for greatest number of people

Robert Owen w Improved working and living conditions for employees in his mills w Provided low-rent housing, free schooling and prohibited children under 10 from work w New Harmony, Indiana

Charles Fourier & Henri de Saint-Simon w Advocated socialism - production is owned by the public and operated for the well being of all. w Public ownership would abolish poverty and promote equality

Karl Marx & Freidrich Engels w Wrote The Communist Manifesto w Predicted the destruction of the capitalist system and the creation of Communism - a classless communist state in which the means of production would be owned by the people

Communist society w Bourgeoisie- employers and “haves” w Proletariat- employees and “have nots” w Eventually there would be revolt, resulting in no government and no private property