What is the Scientific Revolution?  The birth of modern science  Developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, medicine, and chemistry

Pioneers of the Scientific Revolution: Nicolaus Copernicus  What did Copernicus do?  Developed the Heliocentric Theory  What is the Heliocentric Theory?  Sun centered solar system  Why is this a big deal?  Church had been pushing Geocentric Theory  What’s that?  Earth centered solar system

Heliocentric or Geocentric?

Did I get you????? :P

Seriously now… Heliocentric or Geocentric?

Pioneers of the Scientific Revolution: Johannes Kepler  What did Kepler do?  Discovered planetary motion  Known as elliptical orbit

Pioneers of the Scientific Revolution: Galileo Galilei  What did Galileo do?  Used the Telescope to help support the Heliocentric theory or Copernicus

Pioneers of the Scientific Revolution: Isaac Newton  What did Newton do?  Formulated the law of Gravity  Formulated his laws of motion

Pioneers of the Scientific Revolution: William Harvey  What did Harvey do?  Discovered the relationship between the heart and circulatory system (blood)  Harvey Heart!!!

Impact of Scientific Revolution  How would the scientific revolution affect the people of this time period?  Shift away from a God centered world, more focus on reason!  Lasting impact?  Scientific method  Ask a question  research  hypothesis  test hypothesis  analyze data and draw a conclusion  report results  Expansion of science as we know it today

CopernicusKeplerGalileoHarveyNewton Discovered the function of the heart Developed the heliocentric theory Discovered elliptical orbit Laws of Gravity Laws of motion Supported the Heliocentric theory

Age of Absolutism  What is Absolutism?  Monarch exercises ultimate authority  Everything is centralized  Where do they get their power?  God  Called?  Devine Right – Right to rule is given to them by God himself

Absolute Rulers: France  Who’s our absolute ruler in France?  Louis XIV  How did he control his nobles?  Built Versailles and made them live there  Made them his manservant's  Examples?

Absolute Rulers: Russia  Who’s our absolute ruler in Russia?  Peter the Great  What did he want to do in Russia?  WESTERNIZATION!!!!  Moved capital to?  St. Petersburg  Changed appearance of nobles

Failure of Absolutism in England  People of England are not happy with Charles I, so what do they do?  CHOP OF HIS HEAD! (after fighting the English Civil War)  Who is in charge after he dies?  Oliver Cromwell  After Cromwell dies, a period known as the Restoration occurs…what does that mean?  Restoration of the Monarchy, Charles II regains power (He’s the son of Charles I)

Failure of Absolutism in England  When Charles II dies, his brother assumes the thrown, James II  James was not popular, and the tension between him and Parliament leads to the Glorious Revolution  Why is it called the Glorious Revolution?  Bloodless revolution to kick James II out  Glorious Revolution brings William and Mary to the thrown  And now everyone is happy!!!

 But wait…why are the people of England happy?  When William and Mary assume the thrown, they agree to give up powers.  Leading to a constitutional monarchy  A what?  Shares the power between the Monarch and Parliament Failure of Absolutism in England

Charles I Executed 1649 Cromwell assumes power The Restoration of Charles II James II Assumes power Glorious Revolution William and Mary Assume power

Charles I Executed Cromwell assumes power The Restoration of Charles II James II Assumes power Glorious Revolution William and Mary Assume power First Second Third Fourth Last

Enlightenment – Age of Reason  What is the Enlightenment/Age of Reason?  Applies reason to the human world  Umm…what?  Use thought to solve problems, not faith  Because there is a movement away from religion, people become more tolerant of other religions  A lot of the thinkers from this age influenced revolutions around the world.

Enlightenment Thinkers: Thomas Hobbes  What does Hobbes say about man in Leviathan?  All men are selfish and wicked  Governments are needed to control them  What is Hobbes’ idea when man consents to be governed?  Social Contract Theory  Huh?  Hobbes says that man needs an absolute monarch in order to keep man from being wicked

Enlightenment Thinkers: John Locke  Thinks a little different from Hobbes  Thinks that man can learn from his mistakes to improve himself  All men had the natural ability to govern their society  Locke’s writing that explain his views?  Two Treatises on Government  Says all men have the right to certain things…what are they?  Life, liberty, property

Enlightenment Thinkers: Baron de Montesquieu  Montesquieu really liked the way the British ran their country (Constitutional Monarchy)  Described his views on government on his book called?  On the Spirit of Laws  In his book he said the best form of government included?  separation of power

Enlightenment Thinkers: Jean-Jacques Rousseau  Rousseau believed that a government should be formed through the total consent of the people  What form of government is it when all men have a say in the government?  Direct Democracy  He explained this relationship in his book…?  The Social Contract  In The Social Contract Rousseau says?  Setting up a government needs to be an agreement between individuals to create a society and government.

Enlightenment Thinkers: Voltaire  Liked to make fun of the clergy, aristocracy, and government.  He was very sarcastic (just like me!!!) so no one really liked him   Voltaire believed in religious toleration, and freedom of speech  What American document did this influence?  Bill of Rights  “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.”

Other Enlightenment Peeps  Bach – composer  Mozart – composer  Miguel de Cervantes – writer (novels) Don Quixote  Novel is a new form of writing from the Enlightenment/Age of reason  Eugene Delacroix – painter

Impact of Enlightenment  How could all these thinkers impact the world?  They fueled independence movements.  What are the independent movements we’ve learned about?  America  Haiti  France  Thomas Jefferson’s stole Locke’s ideas of the right to life, liberty, and property in what document?  Declaration of Independence  Parts of our Constitution and Bill of Rights were also stolen from Hobbes, Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu  What ideas were taken?  Freedom of speech, Freedom of Religion, Separation of church and state (Voltaire)  Separation of the branches of government (Montesquieu)  Consent of the people to be governed (Rousseau)

French Revolution  After seeing the success of the American Revolution, France got their own ideas of independence.  What is the French’s July 4 th ?  Storming of the Bastille  What happened?  The People of Paris were afraid Louis XVI would use military power to dismiss their legislature (National Assembly)  The people wanted to gather weapons and gun powder, so they stormed the Bastille (armory)  July 14 th – Bastille Day – is still a holiday in France

French Revolution  After Louis XVI is executed, the Jacobins (radical political group) assume control of France  Most prominent member of the Jacobins?  Maximilien Robespierre  Hold on a second…I know that name, who is he again?  Started the TERROR!!!!  Executed the “enemies of the Revolution” through the committee for public safety.  What was the famous beheading device used during this time?  Guillotine

Revolution in Haiti  While France was going through their Revolution, anger was brewing in Haiti over French rule  Toussaint L’Ouverture soon emerged as their leader in 1791  Why were the Haitians so angry?  SLAVERY!!! They wanted equality.  Where do they get the ideas of equality from?  Enlightenment, just like America and France.

Revolution in Haiti  After years of fighting, Haiti declared their independence from France in  Why is this important?  First black colony to free itself from European rule