Warm-Up / EOC Prep 1. The total number of individuals that an environment can support is called: A. densityB. exponential growth C. level-offD. carrying capacity 2. An example of commensalism is A. ants on a tree-the ants get food and the tree gets protection B. Tapeworm feeding off of a host C. Barnacles on a whale-the barnacles get food and the whale does not even know they are there D. A bird on the back of a bongo-the birds gets insects to eat and the bongo gets cleaned

Agenda Warm Up Vocabulary Review Notes Fly/Rabbit Population Graph Limiting factors worksheet Clean Up Cool Down Article 2 Due Wednesday!

Limits to Population Growth Guided Notes 8

Limiting factors Limiting factor-a factor that causes population growth to decrease Limiting factors can be density-dependent or density-independent

Density-Dependent Factors A limiting factor that depends on population size is called density-dependent. Density-dependent factors become limiting ONLY when the population density (the number of individuals per unit area) reaches a certain level These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense

Density-Dependent factors 1.Competition 2.Predation 3.Parasitism 4.Disease

Competition When populations become more crowded, organisms compete with one another for food, water, space, sunlight, and other essentials Competition among the same species is called intraspecies competition Competition among different species is called interspecies competition Ex: Puffins must compete for limited nesting sites

Puffins

Predation The regulation of a population by predation takes place within a predator-prey relationship Many predator prey-relationships can be depicted in graphs As the population of the predator increases, the population of the prey decreases. As the population of the predator decreases, the population of the prey increases.

Predation Sea urchins  Sea Otters  Killer whales If the population of killer whales increases, what happens to the population of sea otters?

Predation The sea otter population decreases What happens to the population of sea otters if the population of killer whale decreases?

Predation The population of sea otters increases What happens to the population of sea urchins if the population of sea otters increases?

Predation The population of sea urchins decreases What will happen to the population of killer whales if the population of sea urchins decreases?

Predation The population of killer whales will decrease. As you can see, the population is strongly connected to the food chains within an ecosystem.

Predation Graph

Parasitism and Disease Parasitic organisms range in size from microscopic, disease-causing bacteria to tapeworms 30 cm or more in length Parasites take nourishment at the expense of their host, often weakening them and causing disease or death

Parasites

Density-Independent Factors Density-independent factors-affect all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size Examples: 1.Unusual weather 2.Natural disasters 3.Seasonal cycles 4.Human activities

Density-Independent factors In response to these factors, many species show a characteristic crash in population size After the crash, the population may soon build up again, or it may stay low for some time

REVIEW

Relationship where both species benefit- pollinators and flowers?

Mutualism

This type of succession starts from scratch, it is caused by volcanoes and glaciers.

Primary

The biological and physical condition in which an organism fits into an environment and the way in which they use resources is called the organisms…

niche

This biome has permanent frozen soil called permafrost

tundra

This biome has deciduous trees, like oak and maple-it’s also where we live

Temperate forest

Eyelashes