A. CELL THEORY 1)All living things are made of one or more cells. 2)Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3)Living cells come only from other living cells.

These cells have a nucleus. Nucleus is a membrane covered organelle that holds the DNA. Examples are plant and animal cells. B)Two Types of Cells: These cells DO NOT have a nucleus. DNA exists in loops that floats freely in the cell. An example is bacteria

Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

C)ANIMAL VS. PLANT CELLS: Large No Cell wall Small Vacuoles No Chloroplasts Cell wall Large Vacuoles Chloroplasts

1) ORGANELLES: tiny organs in the cell. 2) CYTOPLASM: fluid filling inside the cell membrane. makes up the majority of cell’s mass. D)SOME CELL TERMS & STRUCTURES:

Organelles Cytoplasm

3) CELL MEMBRANE controls movement of materials into and out of the cell holds cell together Cell membrane Animal Cell

Cell membrane Animal Cell Cell membrane made of special lipids called “phospholipids”

A model of a section of phospholipid molecules that make up the cell membrane.

One phospholipid molecule.

Cell wall Cell membrane Plant Cell

found in plant cells not animal cells provides strength and support for plant cells. made of cellulose (long chains of sugar molecules) 4) CELL WALL

1) Nucleus: the control center of the cell stores DNA (a)nucleolus - dark spot inside the nucleus, which makes ribosomes. E)ORGANELLES OF CELLS:

Nucleus DNA Nucleolus Animal Cell Nuclear membrane

(b)nuclear membrane - controls movement of materials in and out of nucleus. (c) DNA - stores information for making proteins

2) RIBOSOME tiny grain like particles usually found along the E.R. proteins are made here Ribosome Proteins Amino acids

Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Animal Cell

3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): makes lipids the delivery system of the cell for compounds such as proteins through its tubular connections.

4) Mitochondria: the “Power House” of the cell releases energy packets of ATP for use in the cell. Mitochondria Outer membrane Inner membrane

5) Chloroplast: “Solar Panels” for capturing energy they use energy from sunlight to make food in plant cells (i.e. glucose). Outer membrane Inner membrane Chloroplast

Cell membrane Mitochondria Chloroplast Vacuole Plant Cell

Vacuole 6) Vacuole: “Storage Tanks” of the cell store water, food and waste. Animal Cell Plant Cell

7) Golgi body: packages and transports materials out of the cell. Golgi complex Animal Cell

8) Lysosome: “Clean-up and Recycling Crew” digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders. Lysosome Vesicle with food Animal Cell

Summary of organelles and their functions