Microorganisms What is “micro”? What is an organism?

The Microscope  What do you use a microscope for?  What are the parts of the microscope?  How do you use a microscope?

Characteristics of Living Things 1. Made up of cells 2. Responds to environment 3. Reproduces 4. Grow and develop 5. Use energy 6. Adapts

Ecosystem  Balanced interaction between living and nonliving things  Elements 1. Organisms 2. Soil 3. Atmosphere 4. Moisture 5. Sunlight

Five Kingdoms 1. Animals 2. Plants 3. Fungi 4. Protists 5. Monerans

Producers vs. Consumers  Producer Make their own food Make their own food Example: algae, all plants Example: algae, all plants  Consumer Eat other organisms Eat other organisms Example: ameba, all animals Example: ameba, all animals

Protists One or more cells Eukaryote: has nucleus Eukaryote: has nucleus Live in moist places

Three types of Protists  Fungus-Like  Plant-Like  Animal-Like

Fungus-Like Protists  Have cell walls  Use spores to reproduce  Can move some time in their lives  Examples Water molds Water molds Slime molds Slime molds

Plant-Like Protists  They produce their own food  Examples Algae Algae Euglena Euglena Dinoflagellates Dinoflagellates Diatoms Diatoms

Animal-Like Protists  They move from place to place to obtain food  Examples Amoebae Amoebae Paramecium Paramecium

Amoeba  Movement Pseudopodia Pseudopodia “false” foot “false” foot  Eating Surrounds prey Surrounds prey Closes in on prey Closes in on prey Bacteria and other Protists Bacteria and other Protists

Movement  Flagella whip-like tail  Cilia Hair-like  Pseudopodia “false” foot What type of movement does this protist use?

Monerans Simple, Single-Celled Organisms Prokaryote: no nucleus Prokaryote: no nucleus

Bacteria- a Moneran  What do you know about Bacteria?  What do you want to know about bacteria?

Helpful Bacteria  Oil-Eating  Decomposers- Breakdown organisms  Helps digest food  Produce methane, a natural gas  Food: cheese, yogurt, apple cider, buttermilk  Help make medicines

Harmful Bacteria  Spoils food  Causes Diseases Strep throat Strep throat Botulism: food poisoning Botulism: food poisoning Pneumonia Pneumonia Scarlet Fever Scarlet Fever Measles Mumps Rabies Tetanus

Controlling Bacteria  Heating  Refrigerating  Drying  Salting  Smoking  Pasteurization  Vacuum packed  Using Chemicals (cleaning)  Antibodies (medicine such as penicillin)

3 Shapes  Ball shaped  Rod shaped  Spiral shaped

Where do they live?  Live everywhere  Can live in temperatures way below freezing and well above boiling  Interesting Facts Each square centimeter of your skin averages about 100,000 bacteria. Each square centimeter of your skin averages about 100,000 bacteria. A single teaspoon of topsoil contains more than a billion (1,000,000,000) bacteria. A single teaspoon of topsoil contains more than a billion (1,000,000,000) bacteria.

Fungi Many Celled Organisms Eukaryote: has nucleus Lives in moist places Reproduces using spores

How Fungi Obtains Food  Grows hyphae into the food  Breaks down food  Absorbs Food  A saprophyte hyphae

4 Types of Fungi  Club Fungi mushroom mushroom  Sac Fungi yeast yeast  Zygote Fungi Bread molds Bread molds  Imperfect Fungi Penicillin Penicillin

Helpful Fungi  Decomposer: break down dead organisms  Food: yeast breads, cheeses, mushrooms  Help plants grow with hyphae networks  Penicillin: fights bacterial diseases

Harmful Fungi  Plant diseases  Spoils Food  Athletes foot and ringworm in humans

Scientists

Alexander Fleming  Bacteriologist  Discovered Penicillin by accident

Louis Pasteur  Discovered pasteurization  Pasteurization Kills bacteria Kills bacteria Heat up to kill bacteria, then quickly cool down and contain Heat up to kill bacteria, then quickly cool down and contain

Anton van Leevenhoek  Dutch scientist in late 1600’s  Created lenses for the microscope  First to see microbes

Viruses Nonliving Invades and reproduces inside cells

How they Multiply 1. Attach to host cell 2. Injects DNA into host cell 3. Cell replaces own DNA with virus DNA 4. Many viruses are created 5. Cell is destroyed 6. Cell breaks open and releases new viruses

What are some Viruses?  Common cold  AIDS  Flu  Measles  German Measles  Small Pox  Polio  Rabies  Mumps

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