Human Immunology

The best way to define the term “immune” is? 1.Resistant to something 2.Exempt or protected 3.Another name for humans 4.More than one of the above 5.None of the above

Humans have just one way of fighting off bacteria, virus and the rest of the germs. 1.True 2.False

Are viruses alive, like bacteria are? 1.Yes 2.No

Virus vs Bacteria Have Cells Obtain food & Use Energy Have both DNA & RNA Reproduce Grow and Develop No metabolism Can’t reproduce on their own, but can within another cell DNA or RNA not both Can crystallize Use a few enzymes, but do use some complex molecules BacteriaVirus

Are viruses alive, like bacteria are? 1.Yes 2.No

Why are bacteria considered living but virus not? 1.Move, Eat, Reproduce, Has just DNA 2.Crystallize, Eat, Reproduce, Has just RNA 3.Eat, Reproduce, Have cells, Has both RNA & DNA 4.None of the above

Viruses Influenza Virus Tobacco Mosaic Virus HIV Rhinovirus

The Human Immune Response Non-Specific Response –Protects against ALL potential invaders, whether they are pathogens or not –A pathogen is any foreign particle that can cause a disease –The most common pathogens are viruses, bacteria, fungi and protista Specific Immune Response –Aimed at one specifc pathogen (antigen) –Usually involves antibodies

What are antibodies? 1.Drugs used against bacteria 2.Y shaped protein 3.Things that work against your body 4.None of the above

Which of your cells help you fight off disease? 1.Skin 2.White Blood Cells 3.Red Blood Cells 4.More than one of the above 5.All of the above 6.None of the above

Non-Specific Protection Skin Tears & Saliva, Sweat Mucus & Hair Stomach Acid Inflammatory Response –When a tissue is damaged or injured it allows foreign particles in –Histamine is produced, allowing more blood flow to the area –Capillaries expand, allowing white blood cells to leak out, causing redness & swelling in the area. –WBC’s called phagocytes take care of the invader.

The Major Players White Blood Cells (WBC)White Blood Cells (WBC) –Macrophages (phagocytes) Engulf antigens Think of them as Pac-Man –B Cells Produce antibodies Antibodies bind to Antigen deactivating it ONE TYPE OF ANTIBODY PER SPECIFIC ANTIGEN –T Cells (2 types) Killer T CellsKiller T Cells – Destroys infected cells Helper T CellsHelper T Cells – Activates Killer Cells & Initiates B

What is the role of the macrophages? 1.Choice One 2.Choice Two 3.Choice Three 4.Choice Four 5.Choice Five

Ways to Develop Immunity ActiveActive –Body produces own antibodies 1.Natural Recover from the disease (ie chicken pox & colds) 2.Artificial Shot(s) of dead or weakened antigen Also called a vaccine PassivePassive 1.Natural From mother through placenta or mother’s milk Lasts 6 – 8 months 2.Artificial Antibodies form another animal Temporary, lasts 2 – 16 weeks Example: Rabies