Properties of Acids and Bases Chemistry Spring 2014

Physical properties Acid Taste sour Base Taste bitter Feel slippery

Litmus paper Acid Turns blue litmus paper red Base Turns red litmus paper blue

Universal indicator paper Acid Shows acidic values (pH<7) Base Shows basic values (pH>7)

Reaction with metal Acid Reacts to form hydrogen gas (H 2 ) Base No reaction

Reaction with carbonates(-CO 3 ) Acid Reacts to form carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Base No reaction

Example compounds Acid Citrus (i.e. orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) Vinegar Soda Stomach acid Vitamin C Base Cleaning products (i.e. soap, bleach, ammonia) Milk Antacid (i.e. Tums) Drain opener (i.e. Drano) Baking soda

Acids/Bases produce electrolytes Electrolytes are compounds that break up in water solutions to form ions. They allow electricity to go through the solution (hence the name electrolytes)

Acid solution powering a light bulb

Sugar Solution

Ions in Acids/Bases H + : hydrogen ion or proton H + exists in solution as hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) H + + H 2 O  H 3 O + OH - : hydroxide ion

Ions in Acids/Bases Acid: more H + than OH - Neutral: equal amounts of H + and OH - Base: more OH - than H +

Neutralization Reaction An acid combines with a base to form water and a salt Example 1: HCl reacts with NaOH HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) → KCl(aq) + H 2 O(l)

Example 2: H 2 SO 4 reacts with NaOH Example 3: HNO 3 reacts with Ca(OH) 2 H 2 SO 4 (aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na 2 SO 4 (aq) + 2H 2 O(l) Ca(OH) 2 (aq) +H 2 NO 3 (aq) → Ca(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + 2H 2 O(l)

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases (Std. 5b)

Acid/Conjugate Base: subtract one hydrogen ion from an acid to find its conjugate base Example: What is the conjugate base of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 )? Base/Conjugate Acid: add one hydrogen ion to a base to find its conjugate acid Example: What is the conjugate acid of hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO 3 - )?

Brønsted-Lowry acid: substances that are hydrogen ion (or H+) donor Example: HCl

Brønsted-Lowry base: substances that are hyrdogen ion (or H+) acceptors Example: NH 3

Combining Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases: Example: HCl and NH 3