Solutions and pH Chapter 2 sec. 2.2 pg
Solutions Mixtures – a combination of substances that retain their original properties Ex. trail mix, air, salt water
Solutions Solution – mixture of one or more substances uniformly distributed in another substance. Can be solid, liquid, gas ex. Plasma (liquid) brass (solid) copper and zinc soda (liquid/gas) water and CO2
2 parts: 1. Solute – substance being dissolved 2. Solvent - substance doing dissolving Salt water: salt = solute water = solvent Aqueous solutions- water is the solvent due to hydrogen bonding Water = universal solvent because it can dissolve most things
Concentration Concentration - amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solution When no more solute can be dissolved….solution is SATURATED Salt will no longer dissolve
Acids & Bases The Homeostasis of living things depends on the degree of acidity (acid) and alkalinity (base) in certain areas
Water Acids and bases are solutions made by the dissociation of water Water naturally breaks down into ions of opposite charges, this is called dissociation. Water will form these ions naturally (H3O+ & OH - ) and in EQUAL amounts. H 2 O H + + OH - This is why water is NEUTRAL! Hydronium (H3O+) ions = hydroxide (OH - ) ions
Acids & Bases Acidity= measure of the amount of Hydronium (H 3 O+) ions dissolved in a solution. Alkalinity (a/k/a basic solution)= measure of the amount of hydroxide (OH - ) ions dissolves in a solution
Acids - more H + ions released -pH < 7 -Sour taste -Corrosive on metals -Burns skin Ex. Orange juice, vinegar, sulfuric acid *Homeostasis relevance- your stomach must have a certain acidity to function properly
Bases - more OH - ions released -pH > 7 -Tastes bitter -Slippery -Irritate the skin -Ex. NaOH Homeostasis relevance- your small intestine needs a certain alkalinity (basic) to function properly
pH Scale -Used to measure the amounts of H 3 O+ and OH - ions in a solution -Tells you how acidic or basic something is -Ranges 0-14, 7 = neutral above 7 = base below 7 = acid -Ten fold system -Measure pH with litmus paper
Buffers Buffers- chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of acids and bases Ex. Acids { stomach acid & urine Ex. Bases { blood & intestinal fluid -If not at the proper pH level, these body systems will not function properly and… you’ll need to use a Buffer ex. Alka seltzer