Chapter 8 Section 1 The first President

President Washington John Adams was Vice President Washington knew the difficulties that he faced. –The office of President held many positions. –The traditions that he established would shape the future for all Presidents. –Mr. President was the official title given.

The First Cabinet State Department -Relations with other nations -Thomas Jefferson was the head Treasury Department - Financial Matters - Alexander Hamilton War Department - Nations defense - Edmund Randolph

Judiciary Act The first congress had to decide how to set up the nation’s first court system. Judiciary Act 1789-congress established a federal court system with 13 district courts and 3 circuit courts. Supreme Court-final say on many issues –John Jay –leader of Supreme Court,

BILL OF RIGHTS Promises had been made during ratification for a Bill of Rights. In December amendments were added to the US Constitution and became known as the Bill of Rights. Pg

Video: Bill of Rights

Financial Problems for the New Nation New nation faced serious financial problems. National debt growing Alexander Hamilton felt that the government should pay off the debt. (Hamilton’s Plan) There was opposition to his plan.

Building the Economy Washington DC capital A new national bank was created after much debate. People were encouraged to buy local and not imported products. Protective tariffs were established.

Chapter 8 Section 2 Early Challenges

The Whiskey Rebellion Hamilton’s taxes led to rebellion in Pennsylvania. Farmers angry because they had to pay a tax on whiskey. President Washington crushed the rebellion, showing that he was a powerful leader.

Whiskey Rebellion video

Struggle over the West Native Americans between the Appalachian Mts. and Mississippi River denied the U.S. government had any rule over them. Native Americans turned to Great Britain and Spain for help. Washington tried to sign treaties with Native Americans, but settlers ignored the provisions of the treaties.

Battle of Fallen Timbers Causes British do not want to abandon their forts in the West. They choose to help Native Americans keep their land from the settlers. Effects Battle of Fallen Timbers Treaty of Greenville- Native Americans agreed to surrender most of present-day Ohio.

Problems with Europe In 1789 the French Revolution began. President Washington proclaimed America as a neutral country. –Americans could not fight in the French Revolution –French warships could not enter American ports. British ships began impressments on American Ships.

Jay’s Treaty British withdrawal from American soil Pay for damages to American ships American ships to trade with British ports in the Caribbean Settlement of debts before 1776 Treaty narrowly passed Senate

Washington’s Farewell Washington decided not to seek a 3 rd term. In his farewell speech he warns about the dangers of forming political parties and the evils of entangling in foreign affairs.

“Observe good faith and justice toward all nations…T’is our policy to steer clear of permanent alliances.” George Washington Page 615

Chapter 8 Section 3 The First Political Parties

Opposing views Washington did not escape criticism as President. Attacks came from supporters of Thomas Jefferson Many Americans viewed political parties of factions as harmful.

Political Parties Emerge By the mid-1790s two major political parties had emerged. Federalist-Madison, Adams & Hamilton Democratic Republicans-believed in limited government power. Thomas Jefferson, P. Henry, Mason

Federalist Rule by wealthy class Strong Federal government Emphasis on manufacturing Loose interpretation of the Constitution British alliance National Bank Protective Tariffs See page 269 Democratic- Republicans   Rule by the people   Strong state governments   Emphasis on agriculture   Strict interpretation of the Constitution   French alliance   State banks   Free trade

President John Adams 2 nd United States President Adams had to settle the ongoing dispute with France. He wanted to avoid war with them sent a delegation to try and settle the dispute. Charles de Talleyrand refused to meet with the U.S. Instead he sent 3 agents who wanted a loan and bribe for France. –Called the XYZ Affair

Undeclared War With France Congress responded to the XYZ Affair with a program to strengthen the armed forces. The US established a Navy Department and began building warships. Between 1798 & 1800 US and French naval vessels clashed several times. War was never formally declared. France is viewed as an enemy.

Alien and Sedition Acts Aliens- immigrants Sedition- refers to activities aimed at weakening established government Alien and Sedition Acts –Passed to protect the nation’s security

Domestic and Foreign Affairs The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 & 1799 claimed that the Alien and Sedition Acts could not be put into action because they violated the Constitution. Kentucky Resolutions further suggested that the states may nullify them. Both resolutions affirmed the principle of states’ rights.

The election of 1800 was fast approaching and Federalist found themselves under attack. Adams refused to rush to war with France. In 1800 the French agreed to a treaty and stopped attacks on American ships. The way was prepared for Thomas Jefferson in the election of 1800.

THE END CHAPTER 8