Chapter 9 is the Jefferson Era Section One all about election of 1800 and Judiciary Act and we all have mastered this section. So we need to focus on sections two, three, and four along with key people and events. Section Two is all about westward expansion, the French (and Spanish Threat). Napoleon of France lost Santo Domingo and sold the Louisianna Territory. Lewis, Clark, and Pike explored the west. Federalists threatened to sucede or withdraw from the Union to make the Northern Confederacy which led to the duel of Burr and Hamilton.

Chapter 9 overall summary continued… Section Three is about The threat the US faced in sea trade from Britain and France, along with pirates of the seas. The US had conflicts with Native Americans in the Ohio Valley. Tripoli, a country that was the source of piracy declared war on the US, Jefferson sent ships but it was not until 1804 when the war ended. Jefferson was re-elected in Britain and France were at war, but as long as the US was neutral they could sail the oceans for trade. The British started stopping American ships and forced crew to serve in the Navy. When the British attacked the American vessel, the Chesapeake and killed three crew members anti British fury was great embargo act stopped trade with all foreign countries. The embargo was a disaster for the US so passed the intercourse act that trade only stopped with Britain. Madison is elected in 1808 and he inherited an embargo crisis and frontier conflicts at home. US moved closer to war with Britain.

Chapter 9 continued…. Section Four is about the war of The US was unprepared for war. The War Hawks felt they would achieve a quick victory, but many opposed “Mr. Madison’s War” In section three the War Hawks are introduced. The leading War Hawks were Henry Clay and John Calhoun. They wanted war with Britain, the men were mostly from the west and south. The War Hawks wanted land in Canada and Florida. The war begins with a battle in Canada with General William Hull, which failed due to Tecumseh and later William Henry Harrison, who failed to invade Canada also. In the battle of Thames Tecumseh was killed. In the Battle of Horseshoe Bend Andrew Jackson killed 550 Creek Indians along the Mississippi Territory. By 1814 the British go on the offensive by sailing into Chesapeake Bay and burned Washington, DC. However Baltimore held. In New York the Battle of Lake Champlain was fought by US Naval ships and British, Americans won. After that the British signed a peace treaty agreement in Ghent, Belgium in 1814, however the British did still try to take New Orleans in the Battle of New Orleans. Andrew Jackson was waiting for them. Federalists in the North wanted more Amendments to the Constitution, and the party lost the public’s respect and weakened. War Hawks took over control of Republicans and they carried on the Federalist’s philosophy of a strong central government that favored westward expansion and trade. A new sense of Patriotism and national identity emerged.

Who was Thomas Jefferson? Jefferson was the Republican candidate for the presidential election of His running mate was Aaron Burr

What happened to Aaron Burr? Aaron Burr was vice president under Jefferson, later he ran for governor of NY. Hamilton did not trust Burr and accused him of secession of NY from the Union. (northern states) In 1804 Burr killed Hamilton

James Madison? He was secretary of state for Jefferson and he was a republican. He became president after Jefferson served two terms as president. He took office under unfavorable conditions, at home and abroad the US was embroiled in an embargo crisis Britain kept halting American Ships in the Atlantic. Native Americans in Ohio were fighting the westward expansion of white settlers.

Who was John Marshall? He was secretary of state for John Adams Tried to push through Federalist judicial appointments before Jefferson took office. He was a federalist.

Albert Gallatin Secretary of the Treasury during Jefferson's presidency. Reduced the national debt

William Henry Harrison Governor of the Indiana Territory Alarmed by the growing power of the two Shawnee brothers Feared that they would form an alliance with the British Attacked Prophetstown on the Tippecanoe River when Tecumseh went south to expand the confederacy

Stephen Decatur 25 year old U.S. Navy captain Slipped into the heavily guarded harbor with a small raiding party Burned the captured ship to prevent pirates from using it

William Marbury His case established three principles of judicial review The Constitution is the supreme law The Constitution must be followed when there is conflict between it and any other law The judicial branch must uphold the Constitution and nullify unconstitutional law

Zebulon Pike Led 2 expeditions between 1805 and 1807 Traveled through the upper Mississippi River valley and into present- day Colorado Founded a snowcapped mountain he called Grand Peak, now known as Pikes Peak His travels taught the Americans about the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains Mapped part of the Rio Grande and traveled across northern Mexico and southern Texas

Tecumseh A powerful Shawnee chief Built a confederacy among Native American nations in the Northwest