Objective: understand the constitution after 1787 with emphasis on states v federal authority

 1789 the new government gathers in New York  George Washington 1 st president  Thomas Jefferson Secretary of State  Alexander Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury

 Hamilton wants to build an Industrial America  Support a large government, navy and army  Wanted to pay off war debt  Wanted to create a National Bank to manage debt  Supported by federalists

 Hamilton justified taxes to pay for war debt using the constitution  Congress can enact laws for the “general welfare” of the country  Democratic Republicans opposed a National Bank  Led by Thomas Jefferson  No need for a nationalized bank

 French Revolution began in 1789  U.S. takes a neutral stance  Jay’s Treaty 1794  Britain tests neutrality by attacking U.S. forts on the Great Lakes and ships trading in the French colonies of the West Indies  John Jay sent to negotiate with the British British gave up attacking American forts and put restrictions on American shipping

 Conflict with Indians in the Ohio territory  Battle of Fallen Timbers U.S. won territory from the Indians in Ohio and Indiana  Pinckney’s Treaty  Allowed Americans to export goods through the port at New Orleans

 After serving two terms Washington does not run for re-election  In his farewell address he warns of the dangers of political parties believes they open the door to corruption and animosity

 President Adams begins in Crisis  French are offended by Jay’s treaty  Begin seizing American Ships  Soon French and American ships are fighting full scale battles

Federalists take advantage of the French distraction to pass laws  Alien Act  Made it more difficult for immigrants to become citizens Made it legal to arrest and deport immigrants who spoke against the government  Sedition Act  Makes it illegal discredit the federal government in public

 1800 Thomas Jefferson is elected president  Encouraged congress to repeal the Alien and Sedition Acts  Cut taxes and reduced the National Debt  Supreme Court  John Marshall- Chief Justice  Marbury v. Madison  Asserted Judicial review Power to decide if a law is constitutional

 1803 Napoleon Bonaparte agreed to sell the Louisiana territory  Territory extends to from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains  Cost the U.S. $15 million  Lewis and Clark sent to explore the new territory

 British navy begins seizing merchant ships trading with France… again  Impressments- British force U.S. sailors into the Royal Navy  Jefferson responds with an embargo 1807  Stopped American ships from leaving port Did more harm to U.S. than Britain

 Congress lifts the Embargo in 1809  President James Madison sees no alternative to war  First two years U.S. fails to invade British Canada  British Invade the U.S. and capture Washington D.C. for a brief time.  A treaty is reached  But no major boundary changes are won

 Industrial growth slow until after the War of 1812  War broke American access to British goods  Factories began springing up in the North to fill the void  Attracted immigrants seeking jobs  North becomes the most populous region of the country

 South relies on agriculture and slave labor  Biggest cash crop is cotton  1793 Eli Whitney invents the Cotton Gin  Made separating cotton from the shell easier  Cotton in high demand in the north and in England to supply textile factories

 President Monroe wants to ensure Spain doesn’t recover it’s lost American Colonies  Monroe Doctrine:  European monarchies had no business meddling with American republics  U.S. Would stay out of European affairs

1. How did Hamilton and Jefferson Differ in their interpretations of the Constitution? 2. Why did Jay’s Treat offend France? 3. What were the causes of the War of 1812? 4. How did industrialization in the North and the spread of cotton in the South contribute to the spread of slavery? 5. How did the Monroe Doctrine assert American Power in the Western Hemisphere?