A New Deal Fights the Depression Section 23-1 pp

Election of 1932 FDR wins landslide victory Democrats win both houses of Congress Brain Trust: –FDR’s group of expert advisors

“Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself…The people of the United States have not failed.” -Franklin Roosevelt in his first inaugural address, 1933

The New Deal Programs to provide relief, recovery, and reform Targeted at –Banking –Industry –Agriculture

The New Deal Goals –Help “Forgotten Man” –Direct Relief –Deficit Spending First Hundred Days –15 laws passed –New Deal agenda set

New Deal Programs Emergency Banking Relief Act –Closed nation’s banks for inspections –Restored nation’s faith in banking system Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation –Insurance on people’s savings deposits –Reassured people that their money was safe in banks

New Deal Programs Federal Securities Act –Required corporations to provide truthful and complete information about stocks –Created Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to regulate stock market.

New Deal Programs National Industrial Recovery Act –Created Public Works Administration –Created NRA – established codes that set prices and production rates –Protected workers’ rights to unionize –Declared unconstitutional in 1935

New Deal Programs Civil Works Administration –Built airports, roads, and sewers –Jobs criticized as useless –CWA abandoned after one year Agricultural Adjustment Act –Paid farmers not to farm in an attempt to raise prices –Declared unconstitutional

New Deal Programs Home Owners Loan Corporation –Provided government loans to homeowners –Intended to prevent foreclosures Federal Emergency Relief Act –Direct relief payments given to states –Supported households and created jobs –Literacy programs and vaccines

New Deal Programs Civilian Conservation Corps –Young men restore national parks and build roads –Created 3 million jobs Tennessee Valley Authority –Government run flood control and hydroelectric power in Appalachia –Criticized as socialism

The New Deal Comes Under Attack Deficit Spending No immediate end to the Depression Gave federal government too much power

The New Deal Comes Under Attack Court-Packing –Failed idea to add 6 new court positions –Ends up appointing 7 justices Fr. Coughlin –Wanted guaranteed income and nationalization of banks

The New Deal Comes Under Attack Dr. Townsend –Not enough help for poor and elderly –Created old-age pension plan Huey Long –Believed New Deal didn’t go far enough –“Share-Our-Wealth” program

The Second New Deal Takes Hold Section 23-3 pp

Eleanor Roosevelt “Champion of the Dispossessed” –Humanitarian efforts –Promoted rights of minorities

Election of 1936 First time African-Americans voted Democrat in large numbers Large support from labor unions Vote of confidence in New Deal

FDR Extends Relief Works Progress Administration –Public works projects –Employed professionals and artists National Youth Administration –Provided education, jobs, counseling for youth

Improving Labor Wagner Act: –Supported collective bargaining –Set up NLRB to protect rights of workers to unionize and negotiate with management Fair Labor Standards Act –Set up maximum hours and minimum wage

Improving Labor Social Security Act –Created Social Security Administration –Provide pensions for the elderly –Unemployment compensation –Aid to families with dependent children –Aid to the disabled