William Henry Harrison: “Gone in 30 days” “Tippecanoe and Tyler too” “Tippecanoe and Tyler too” Portray candidate as “common man” Portray candidate as “common man” Log cabin, poor farmer, hard cider Log cabin, poor farmer, hard cider Democrats (states’ rights, restrained fed. Govt.) & Whigs (Bank, tariffs, internal improvements ) Democrats (states’ rights, restrained fed. Govt.) & Whigs (Bank, tariffs, internal improvements )

Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny & Its Legacy The South v. The North The South v. The North Subtext for issue: Slavery Subtext for issue: Slavery Territorial Expansion → Slavery extension?? : Territorial Expansion → Slavery extension?? : Southern view: losing power? Southern view: losing power? Northern view: Southern conspiracy to expand slavery (Caribbean, Central & Southern America) Northern view: Southern conspiracy to expand slavery (Caribbean, Central & Southern America) John Tyler: “His Accidencey” John Tyler: “His Accidencey” Daniel Webster Henry Clay “Nationalism”?? No such word in my vocabulary!

James Polk The most successful president? In & out of a war In & out of a war Major acquisition of territory Major acquisition of territory Accomplished all of his goals: Accomplished all of his goals: One term One term Settled Oregon question Settled Oregon question Acquired California Acquired California Reduced tariff Reduced tariff Re-established the Ind. Treasury Re-established the Ind. Treasury

Manifest Destiny The 1840’s Annexation of Texas, conquest of California & SW from feeble Mexico Texas * Democrats endorse annexation * more slave territory * Polk: expansionist ticket Americans wanted Texas: 1) Duty to extend 2) Texans were Americans 3) Great Britain might intervene 4) Economics: expand markets for northern goods, increase cotton production

Manifest Destiny: Oregon Territory Treaty of 1818: unresolved Treaty of 1818: unresolved Oregon Trail: Oregon Trail: fur traders fur traders missionaries missionaries “a pioneer paradise where pigs are running around the acorn trees, round and fat and already cooked, with knives and forks sticking in the so that you can cut off a slice whenever you are hungry.” “a pioneer paradise where pigs are running around the acorn trees, round and fat and already cooked, with knives and forks sticking in the so that you can cut off a slice whenever you are hungry.” “Great Emigration” 1840’s “Great Emigration” 1840’s The Overland Trail: 4 month. terrifying journey The Overland Trail: 4 month. terrifying journey Democratic platform in ’44: American claim to Oregon is unquestionable. Democratic platform in ’44: American claim to Oregon is unquestionable. War? “54 40 or fight!” War? “54 40 or fight!”

Oregon & Manifest Destiny “The Whole or None!” “The Whole or None!” JQ Adams: “The US, not Britain, was the nation bound to make the wilderness blossom as the rose, to establish laws, to increase, multiply, and subdue the earth, at the first behest of God Almighty” JQ Adams: “The US, not Britain, was the nation bound to make the wilderness blossom as the rose, to establish laws, to increase, multiply, and subdue the earth, at the first behest of God Almighty” Resolved peacefully: Resolved peacefully: Treaty of 1846: 49th P. Treaty of 1846: 49th P.

Mexican War The Poison? The Poison? Will slavery expand?? Will slavery expand?? South: YES—southern survival dependent on extension South: YES—southern survival dependent on extension North: NO North: NO Ralph Waldo Emerson “The United States will conquer Mexico, but it will be as the man swallows arsenic…Mexico will poison us”

Manifest Destiny & The Mexican War Remote Cause: increasing distrust between 2 nations Mexico: fear of American expansion US: Mexico owes $ to US citizens, Alamo, disdain for dark skinned people Immediate Cause: Boundary dispute

Mexican War The two factors for an American War? The enemy takes the first shot Moral Issue Mexico would be improved by extending freedom. Mexico was engaged in a bloody civil war

Origins of Mexican War: The Mexicans attack 1 st (?) Border dispute Border dispute Mexico: Nueces River Mexico: Nueces River USA: Rio Grande USA: Rio Grande Polk sent Zachary Taylor to the disputed territory Polk sent Zachary Taylor to the disputed territory “We take nothing by conquest, Thank God!”

From the diary of an American Army Colonel stationed in this area: “ I have said from the first that the United States are the aggressors… We have not one particle of right to be here… It looks as if the government sent a small force on purpose to bring war, so as to have a pretext for taking California and much of this country as it chooses”

Ulysses Grant: “We were sent to provoke a fight, but it was essential that Mexico commence it.” Ulysses Grant: “We were sent to provoke a fight, but it was essential that Mexico commence it.” Polk: Purchase CA? ($25 million) Polk: Purchase CA? ($25 million) Mexico refuses Mexico refuses US troops killed—May 1846 US troops killed—May 1846 “American blood has been shed on American soil!” “American blood has been shed on American soil!” Polk: “war exists by the act of Mexico herself…the cup of forbearance had been exhausted” Polk: “war exists by the act of Mexico herself…the cup of forbearance had been exhausted” Lincoln: "Spot Resolutions” Lincoln: "Spot Resolutions” exact spot where blood had been shed? exact spot where blood had been shed?

The Wilmot Proviso Slavery had ENDED in Mexico Slavery had ENDED in Mexico “God forbid that we should be the means of planting this institution upon it.” “God forbid that we should be the means of planting this institution upon it.” Vote in Congress? Vote in Congress? Passes the House Passes the House Blocked in Senate Blocked in Senate Chapter 18

The War The War Sectionalism: Sectionalism: Whigs in the North against Taylor marches to heart of Mexico City Winfield Scott commands 1 st amphibious operation, marches to Halls of Montezuma Polk: War aims? Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Mexico ceded California, New Mexico; gave up claim to Texas; US pays $15 million Chapter 18