 4 Goals of Progressivism  Protecting Social Welfare  Promoting Moral Improvement  Creating Economic Reform  Fostering Efficiency  Cleaning up Local Government  Reform at the State level

 Help the poor  Bad living and working conditions  Social Gospel and Settlement house movements were the beginning  YMCA, Salvation Army  Florence Kelly  Fought for women and children  Became chief inspector of factories in Illinois  Illinois Factory Act  Prohibited child labor and reduced hours for women

 Morality was the key to improving lives of poor people  Improve personal behavior  Prohibition  Why Prohibition?  Can you legislate morality?  Should alcohol/drugs be illegal?

 Severe economic panic in 1893  Need for economic reform  Socialism  Government and big business  Big business leveraged politicians  Muckrakers  Wrote about the corrupt side of business and life  Do you see a lot of muckraking today?

 Make workplace more efficient  Scientific management  How did the workplace become more efficient  Henry Ford

 Local governments are corrupt.  Buying votes, political favors, bribes  Reform local government  Hurricane in Galveston, Texas  Flood in Dayton, OH  Creation of city councils  Reform Mayors  What did they reform?  Fairer taxes, lower cost public transport, work relief program, fired corrupt, converted utilities

 Reform Governors  Robert La Follette- Wisconson  Wanted big business out of politics  Protecting working children  Children played large role in family economy  Keating-Owen Act of 1916  Pictures on page 311

 Limit working hours  Muller v Oregon  Limited workday to 10 hrs for women  Argued that poor women were more economically insecure than big corporations.  Workers compensation  Reforming Elections  Initiative, referendum, recall  17 th amendment  Direct election of Senators

 Women in the work force  Women lead reform

 Role of women changes after Civil War.  Women now have to work  Farm Women- What was their role?  Second shift  Women in industry  More opportunities in cities for women  25% of women held jobs  Manufacturing/garment industry

 Many were single  Made half as much as men or even less. Why?  more women graduate high school than men  Opened jobs in offices, stores, and classrooms  Domestic workers  African American Women  Immigrants

 All lead to reform groups  Dangerous working conditions  Low wages  Long hours  Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire  Upper/middle class women entered public life

 Women in Higher Education  New women’s colleges are formed  Marriage is no longer a woman’s only option  Newly educated women begin applying skills to reform movement

 Women want to improve conditions at work and at home  Women cant vote – Want suffrage  Create reform groups  NACW  Nurseries, reading rooms, kindergartens  Seneca Falls  Susan B. Anthony  Elizabeth Cady Stanton- ISU  NAWSA

 3 part strategy for suffrage  1- convince state legislators to grant women the right to vote  2- court cases to test 14 th amendment  Declared stopping citizens from voting would result in a loss of representation  3- national constitutional amendment  Takes 41 years for women to get the right to vote

 Why did it take so long for Women to get the right to vote?  What role did education play in the women’s reform movement?  What was the biggest obstacle women faced?  What is the status of women today? How has it changed? What needs to be improved?