TODAY’S OBJECTIVES I DENTIFY THE TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS THAT TOOK POWER IN R USSIA, I TALY, G ERMANY, AND J APAN AFTER WWI. S UMMARIZE THE ACTIONS TAKEN BY AGGRESSIVE REGIMES IN E UROPE AND A SIA.

END OF WWI REVIEW T REATY OF V ERSAILLES –D EMILITARIZED G ERMANY –E STABLISHED 9 NEW COUNTRIES –G ERMANY MUST SIGN THE W AR - G UILT C LAUSE AND PAY DAMAGES R USSIA : B OLSHEVIK R EVOLUTION –C OMMUNISTS GAIN POWER – USSR (S OVIET U NION ) CREATED –1924: J OSEPH S TALIN TOOK POWER

 1924: Vladimir Lenin died  Joseph Stalin heads the Communist Party  Made agriculture and industry state controlled  Abolished all privately owned farms  “Five year Plans”: pushed the USSR to a powerful industrial country  Purged anyone who disagreed (8 -13 million deaths)

The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations y No control of major conflicts. y No progress in disarmament. y No effective military force.

The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory German soldiers are dissatisfied.

1. P ROBLEMS LEFT OVER FROM WWI 2. T YRANNY AND D ICTATORSHIPS 3. N ATIONALISM 4. M ILITARISM 5. A LLIANCES

The Great Depression

 T YPE OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH A SINGLE PARTY OR LEADER CONTROLS THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL LIVES OF THE PEOPLE. ( DICTATORSHIPS )

 STRESSED NATIONALISM AND PLACED INTERESTS OF THE STATE ABOVE INDIVIDUALS  Idea: power must rest with a single strong leader and small group of devoted followers

Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935 Emperor Haile Selassie

 Led by Benito Mussolini  Affected by the Depression  1919: Mussolini founded the Fascist Party  Promised to bring back Roman Empire  Called himself Il Duce – “the leader”  Put all government power and the army under his rule

Germany Invades the Rhineland March 7, 1936

 L EADER : A DOLF H ITLER (1933 – C HANCELLOR )  L EADER OF THE NAZI PARTY  E STABLISHED THE T HIRD R EICH (3 RD G ERMAN E MPIRE )  C ALLED D ER F ÜHRER – “ THE L EADER ”

 P ROMISED TO BRING G ERMANY BACK TO POWER  N AZISM : G ERMAN BRAND OF FASCISM  H ITLER AND THE N AZIS SUPPORTED 2 THINGS : 1. “P URIFICATION  V IEWED G ERMANS AS THE “ MASTER RACE ” 2. “ NATIONAL EXPANSION ” – - LIVING SPACE FOR THE G ERMAN RACE  1932: 6 MILLION G ERMANS WERE OUT OF WORK

 B OOK WRITTEN BY H ITLER  “M Y S TRUGGLE ”  D IVIDES HUMANS INTO CATEGORIES BASED ON PHYSICAL APPEARANCE.  R EFERS TO J EWS AS MORTAL ENEMIES TO THE A RYAN RACE

U. S. Neutrality Acts: 1934, 1935, 1937, 1939

America-First Committee Charles Lindbergh

 1933: H ITLER PULLS G ERMANY OUT OF L EAGUE OF NATIONS  1935: STARTS BUILDING UP MILITARY  1935: I TALY ATTACKS AND TAKES CONTROL OF E THIOPIA  1936: S PANISH REBELLION  G ERMANY AND I TALY HELP F RANCISCO F RANCO

Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936 The “Pact of Steel”

The Spanish Civil War: The American “Lincoln Brigade”

The Spanish Civil War: Francisco Franco

The Spanish Civil War: A Dress Rehearsal for WW II? Italian troops in Madrid

 1930 S : GREAT DEPRESSION HIT CIVILIAN LEADERS  M ILITARY LEADERS TOOK POWER  CONTINUED CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY – EMPEROR HIROHITO  I DEAS MILITARISM, IMPERIALISM, NATIONALISM PUSHED THE JAPAN EMPIRE TO EXPAND  A LSO L IMITED NATURAL RESOURCES & GROWING POPULATION  INVADES CHINA  L EAGUE OF NATIONS DOES NOTHING!

The Japanese Invasion of China, 1937

 O NLY DEMOCRATIC NATION IN CENTRAL E UROPE  C REATED AFTER WWI  L OTS OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS  S EPT. 12, 1938 – H ITLER DEMANDS G ERMANS OF C ZECH (S UDETENLAND ) BE GIVEN FREEDOM

Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 “Now we have peace in our time! Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.” British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain

 M ARCH 15, 1939 – G ERMANY TAKES CONTROL OF NW C ZECH (S UDETEN )  O NE WEEK LATER …. HE TAKES ALL OF W. C ZECH  W ESTERN A LLIES MOBILIZE FOR WAR !!

Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939

The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939 Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop & Molotov