Ancient Greece

Greek Alphabet

Greek Geography

Vocabulary! city-states golden age Athens Sparta Hellenistic a period in a society’s history marked by great achievements Athens’ rival city-state political units made up of a city and all the surrounding lands Greek-like a city in eastern Greece

Early Greek Culture (1) City-StatesColonies Early Greece was dangerous, so city- states were developed for protection. acropolis: “top city” great value on POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE advantages to citizens: protection, trade, talk different money, calendar, measurements City-states established colonies. Most colonies had ties with older Greek cities. traded goods and shared ideas

The Golden Age (1) Growth of Greek Power Athenian CultureAthenian Democracy City-states focused on their own stuff. around 500BC: Persian invasion; Greece won! Athens led others. City-states started to work together. famous politicians Athens became capital. Pericles: ruled Athens in 400’s BC; Parthenon mostly run by the people (citizens) City leaders could suggest ideas; council of free men would vote. Athens: most powerful democracy Athens’ greatness was reflected in the Parthenon. Athens: world’s first democracy Architecture and Art Science, Philosophy, Literature Decline of City-States Parthenon: one of the most famous pieces of architecture Many objects were made by slaves. Greeks studied the human body to see what it looked like in motion; realistic sculpture. still admired to this day Artists wanted their work to be realistic. Plays were really popular. medicine and biology Greek philosophers: Socrates  Plato  Aristotle Many timeless classics were written by the Greeks. many advancement in math and astronomy Sparta attacked Athens over jealousy. Athens and Sparta tore Greece apart during their war. Sparta is victorious. Greece is now weakened and vulnerable to takeover.

The Empire of Alexander (1) Alexander’s ConquestsThe Spread of Greek Culture

Match It! Architecture and Art Science, Philosophy, Literature

Early Greek Culture (2) City-StatesColonies created for protection against invaders advantages: new sense of identity; trade and meet with other people fortresses and government buildings on a hill (acropolis “top city”) Farmers lived outside the walls; they were still part of the city. around Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea kept ties with other Greek cities Even though they were all over, they still shared common culture. Trading routes are all in the sea and on the coasts. Some colonies still exist, such as Naples, Italy and Marseille, France.

The Golden Age of Greece (2) Growth of Greek Power Athenian CultureAthenian Democracy around 500BC: Persian invasion Greek city-states had to join each other. Each city-state had an army, but none was as big as Persia’s. Athenians led Greek army. Victory increased confidence in all of Greece. Pericles ruled Athens (400’sBC). good thing: city leaders Sculpture of Athena in Parthenon was made by Phidias. famous politicians, artists, thinkers (400’s BC) Athens was the cultural center of Greece. first democracy Pericles didn’t rule alone. People (free male citizens) had power. Leaders could really only suggest. Statue of Athena in the Parthenon was supposed to make people see that Athens was a great city. Architecture and Art Science, Philosophy and Literature Decline of City-States beautiful buildings – symbols of glory of cities interested in the movement of the human body for art Artists watched and observed the body in action. Temples were decorated with statues and carvings. still admired today Scientists studied people to learn about the human body. many timeless classics philosophers (thinkers): Socrates  Plato  Aristotle Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle taught other Athenians. poems about love and friendship Athens and Sparta were both “powerhouses.” Sparta: military, Athens: culture Sparta was jealous of Athens, so they attacked Athens. War between Sparta and Athens devastated Greece. Greece becomes vulnerable.

The Empire of Alexander (2) Alexander’s ConquestsThe Spread of Greek Culture

Early Greek Culture (3) City-StatesColonies created for protection against invaders location, people, economic independence Greeks placed great value on political independence. Greek word for “city” is “polis.” acropolis: “top city;” temples; government buildings, etc. kept in touch with old Greek cities Colonies spread Greek culture. built near coastline Most colonies were independent, but they traded goods and ideas. Some colonies still exist today, as modern cities (Naples, Italy, Marseille, France, for example).

Golden Age of Greece (3) The Growth of Greek Power Athenian CultureAthenian Democracy City-states are independent until about 500BC. Persia attacked in 500BC; Greeks had to band together. Greek armies were smaller than Persian Army; less chance of winning. War was won by Greeks. It increased their confidence and led to the Golden Age. Inside the Parthenon was a statue of Athena. famous politicians, artists, thinkers Athens became cultural center of Greece. city‘s leadership = great advancements Every year, the Athenians celebrated the goddess, Athena. Power was mostly in the hands of the people (free men). Leaders mainly just made suggestions. Leaders in Athens were elected. Athens had the first democracy; no one else let their people rule themselves. Architecture and ArtScience, Philosophy and Literature The Decline of the City- States Buildings were symbols of the glory of the cities. Temples and other buildings were decorated with statues. artists observed human behavior – lifelike statues still admired today Temples were carved for Greece’s beauty. Philosophers studied behaviors. Socrates  Plato  Aristotle plays: popular timeless classics poetry scientists studied the human body: medicine and biology Sparta attacked Athens. Other city states supported one side or the other. The war devastated Greece. Sparta “wins.” Greece is vulnerable to attack.

Empire of Alexander (3) Alexander’s ConquestsThe Spread of Greek Culture

Early Greek Culture (4) City-StatesColonies made for security good for trade and meetings own governments Greeks were willing to die for their city-states. great value on political independence Naples and Marseille still exist today. Trade routes were mostly around the Black and Mediterranean Seas. kept ties with older Greek cities kept Greek culture strong; colonies shared a common culture

The Golden Age of Greece (4) The Growth of Greek Power Athenian CultureAthenian Democracy Each city-state had one army, which was smaller than the Persian army. Greeks had to join together to defeat the Persians (500BC). Athens led Greeks against Persians. Greece beat Persia TWICE! After the war, the Greeks developed into their Golden Age. great advancement of leadership from Athenians after victory over Persians Athens hired great architects to build the Parthenon. cultural center of Greece Parthenon: marble; statue of Athena inside People voted using show of hands or secret ballot. assembly of free men world‘s first democracy pride reflected in buildings and art People voted for leaders and make suggestions for improvements. Architecture and ArtScience, Philosophy, Literature The Decline of the City- States temples: symbols of the glory of a city Artists wanted their work to look realistic. realism by watching the human body still admired today Parthenon: most famous building in Greece math, astronomy, science Scientists studied the human body. Studying people gave scientists info on medicine and biology. poems, plays Philosophers studied people. Socrates  Plato  Aristotle war between Athens and Sparta – tore Greece apart City-states fought with either Sparta or Athens. Sparta wins. After the war, Greece was easy to take over. started the Empire of Alexander

Empire of Alexander (4) Alexander’s ConquestsSpread of Greek Culture

Early Greek Culture (5) City-StatesColonies by 600 BC made for protection against invaders different money, calendar Polis: 1) location, 2) people, 3) economic independence own government and laws shared a common culture traded goods and shared ideas Some colonies still exist today as modern cities (Naples, Marseille). traded ideas that made economy better around Black and Mediterranean Seas

The Golden Age of Greece (5) The Growth of Greek Power Athenian CultureAthenian Democracy Persian invasion: 500BC – Greeks had to come together Greece did not have one army. Instead, each city-state had its own smaller army. Greeks, led by Athens, defeat the Persians TWICE. victory = confidence = Athenian culture spreads Athens was the cultural center of Greece. politicians, artists, thinkers great leaders, such as Pericles Athens’ leadership = great advances Phidias: considered greatest sculptor. Most of the power was in the people’s (free men) hands. first democracy in the world proud of their city’s democracy; the people ruled themselves City leaders only suggested ideas. Pericles: most famous Athenian leader Architecture and ArtScience, Philosophy, Literature The Decline of the City-States Artists worked to make their work seem real. Builders created beautiful marble temples. Parthenon is the most famous building in Greece. A lot of Greek buildings were decorated with statues. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle: philosophers who studied people Philosophers (thinkers) would try to find out how to make people happy. Scientists studied people (medicine and biology). Hippocrates timeless classics written at this time stories of Greek heroes and love, poems, plays Sparta was jealous of Athens. Sparta attacks Athens. Sparta and Athens were at war for YEARS Thousands of people die. Athens loses to Sparta. Greece falls apart.

Empire of Alexander (5) Alexander’s ConquestsSpread of Greek Culture

The Empire of Alexander (1) Alexander’s ConquestsThe Spread of Greek Culture

Empire of Alexander (2) Alexander’s ConquestsThe Spread of Greek Culture

Empire of Alexander (3) Alexander’s ConquestsThe Spread of Greek Culture

Empire of Alexander (4) Alexander’s ConquestsThe Spread of Greek Culture

Empire of Alexander (5) Alexander’s ConquestsThe Spread of Greek Culture

Your Homework (9/16) Choose from the following list of Hellenistic Cultures. Then, write a 5 to 10 sentence paragraph about why it’s the best part. Art and Architecture Science, Philosophy, and Literature Religion Government

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